Qrm-icru-tissues, qrm icru tissue material, icru tissue equivalents (which can be simulated for muscles, fats, livers, lungs in aerobic state, water, skin, brain, breast, crystals, blood, digestive tracts (intestine), heart, kidney, spleen, testicles, thyroid, lung (not inflatable), lymphoma, ovaries, pancreas, cartilones, yellow marrows, red marrow, pine bones (beam bones), femurs, skin bones, air) 28 choices are available。
Qrm tissues, qrm icru-tissis are solid plastics
Imitating the physical x-ray decay of human tissues there。
The qrm tissue equivalents have various shapes, such as rods, palms, cubes, sphericals and custom designs, which provide the physical x-ray decay properties of the bones and soft tissues of human organs as specified by icru in its reports 44 and 46。
These materials can be used in the design of self-defined body models, as well as in individual samples for calibration and research purposes for diagnostic x-ray imaging and radiotherapy。
Elemental composition, electronic density or end capability may be provided as required。
Examples of the organizations specified in icru reports 44 and 46 can be found in the right table。
Ct values (hu) are calculated using the phototraverse table on www. Nist. Gov (xcom)。
Provides different shapes and design density or ct values
Equivalent tissue materials have multiple shapes and designs that provide physical x-ray decay properties for soft tissues of human organs such as liver, spleen, blood vessels, brain, breast, muscle and fat。
Organizational equivalents are the basis for standard humanized models. It provides ct values for about 38 hus under 120 kv tubes。
Example of available icru organization:
Organisational equivalent organ
Low contrast structure
Lung knots (low, high)
Hepatic knots (low, high)
Fat extended ring simulation of obese patients
Brain model with white and grey matter
Breast equivalent model
Blood simulation resin
Wait
| Icru organization | Old (g/cm3) | Electronic old versus water | Atomic order number | Ct value (hu) 80-140 kv |
| Water | One | One | 7. 4 | 0 |
| Fatty | 0. 95 | 0. 95 | 6. 3 | 95-70 |
| Skin | 1. 09 | 1. 08 | 7. 3 | 71-75 |
| Brain | 1. 04 | 1. 03 | 7. 4 | 40-37 |
| Breast (fibre glands) | 1. 02 | 1. 01 | 6. 9 | 9-3 |
| Breast (50/50) | 0. 96 | 0. 96 | 6. 7 | 70-53 |
| Glasses | 1. 07 | 1. 05 | 7. 2 | 45-50 |
| Blood (total) | 1. 06 | 1. 05 | 7. 5 | 60-55 |
| Gastrointestinal tract (intestinal tract) | 1. 03 | 1. 02 | 7. 4 | 22-23 |
| Heart | 1. 06 | 1. 05 | 7. 5 | 60-55 |
| Kidney | 1. 05 | 1. 04 | 7. 4 | 45-43 |
| Liver | 1. 06 | 1. 05 | 7. 5 | 56-53 |
| Spleen | 1. 06 | 1. 05 | 7. 5 | 57-54 |
| Testicles | 1. 04 | 1. 03 | 7. 4 | 37-35 |
| Thyroid | 1. 05 | 1. 04 | 7. 9 | 112-73 |
| Lung (inhalation) | 1. 05 | 1. 04 | 7. 5 | 48-44 |
| Lung (inflated) | 0. 26 | 0. 25 | 7. 5 | - 740 |
| Lymer | 1. 03 | 1. 03 | 7. 5 | 31-28 |
| Muscles | 1. 05 | 1. 04 | 7. 4 | 45-42 |
| Ovaries | 1. 05 | 1. 04 | 7. 5 | 48-45 |
| Pancreas | 1. 04 | 1. 03 | 7. 3 | 31-32 |
| Bones | 1. 1 | 1. 08 | 7. 9 | 116-98 |
| Bones - yellow marrow | 0. 98 | 0. 98 | 6. 2 | -70-28 |
| Skull red marrow | 1. 03 | 1. 02 | 7. 0 | 4-14 |
| Sponge bones | 1. 18 | 1. 15 | 9. 8 | 392-258 |
| Bones | 1. 33 | 1. 28 | 11. 1 | 762-495 |
| Bones-skeletal | 1. 46 | 1. 39 | 11. 7 | 1032-678 |
| Bones - lower cheekbones | 1. 68 | 1. 58 | 12. 5 | 1516-998 |
| Bones - cortex | 1. 92 | 1. 78 | 13. 2 | 2083-1366 |
Transport: density 0. 02 g/cm3; electronic density 0. 02; ct values measured on siemens somatom flash ct (±5hu)
References
Icru 1989 organizational alternatives to radiation dosimetry and measurement report 44 (becesda, doctor of medicine: international commission on radiation units and measurements)
Icru 1992 data report on the interaction of photons, electrons, protons and neutrons in human tissues (becesda, doctor of medicine: international commission on radiation units and measurements)



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