According to statistics, the national enrolment rate for infants and young children in all types of institutions is currently only 4. 1 per cent and less than 10 per cent for children under 3 years of age in urban china, compared with 25 to 55 per cent in developed countries. In order to understand the current situation of care for children under the age of 3 in urban households and the demand for childcare services, the national board of health and safety conducted a survey in 10 cities in beijing, shanghai, guangzhou and shenyang in the first half of 2016. The survey shows that there is a stronger demand for childcare services among parents and that there is a greater contradiction between demand and supply. Of the mothers surveyed who had given birth to a child but did not intend to give birth to a child, 60. 7 per cent were not cared for. Nearly one third of the full-time mothers surveyed were forced to interrupt their employment because their children were left unattended; more than three quarters of the full-time mothers indicated that they would be re-employed if they were assisted with the child. More than one third of the respondents indicated that there was a demand for childcare services, of which parents had the greatest demand for childcare for children aged 2 to 3. At present, nearly 80 per cent of infants and young children are in day care with their ancestors, and they are more likely to send them to specialized institutions。