Chapter 2 characteristics of social journalism over time
The 1872 declaration began with a strong focus on social journalism, which, from its inception until the mid-1990s, accounted for almost 50 per cent of the total number of newspaper messages. However, looking at the multiple dimensions of the coverage, reporting techniques, reporting styles, reporting timeliness, etc., social journalism at this stage is still incomplete and literaryly coloured, both in terms of the unique stories of the reporting period, with a focus on the flimsy charade of storylines, the eccentricity of the wave, and in terms of the vague handling of news elements such as reporting media characters, the lack of a clear time for reporting, the generality of the location, the focus on graphics, the adoption of closed text structures, the focus on the closeness of the reporting, and the fact that the text title of the news contains the exact rules of the word count, the colour of the obvious cause or effect, etc. In short, the social news is extremely immature and remains in an incipient state。
The limit of the declaration is 1883, which was previously 8 and then usually 12, respectively. However, the 1-4 editions of various news articles, including newspaper articles and articles, are mainly in the first edition, while the remaining three editions are in the political, financial, war and official press, which, of course, is included here. The 5-12 editions are ads, with all types of advertising information, software and, more recently, the kyoto newspaper. The total amount of social news received and the proportion of total information received during the obscurity period are shown in table 2-1 for the year in which data are obtained in sample statistical units:
Table 2-1 annual quantity of social reporting for diffusion period
Table 2-1 and figure 2-1 show the following quantitative characteristics of the declaration social news in terms of the indiscriminate period:
(1) the number of reports is high. From 1872, when the declaration was launched, the number of articles in the social media, although 45, represented almost half of the total number of articles in the press for the year, much more than 262 in 1894. The average number of articles reached 21 per month. Such a high percentage is reflected in the fact that social news is given weight in the declaration as a whole, and the number of social news stories is consistently high in all types of news。
(2) incremental change. The quantitative changes in social news, ranging from dozens of original articles to a hundred, to more than 200, present a growing curve. Although the sum of the newspaper's other types of news stories is also growing, the change in the number of stories on the social media is still on the rise for individuals, reflecting, to a certain extent, the degree to which the newspaper values social news, the degree to which society changes and the level of attention it receives from its audience。
Figure 2-1 yearly change in the number of social news reports for the filing period figure
I. Analysis of the content of social reports
According to the definition of scope in the great journal of journalism, 12 specific categories are classified in conjunction with the actual coverage of the social news of the declaration: (1) good deeds, new morals and new styles of the good people; (2) love, marriage and family issues; (3) social customs and humanities; (4) civil and criminal cases; (5) social security; (6) natural and man-made disasters; (7) wonders; (8) rumours and ghost stories; (9) municipal construction; (10) service and guidance news; (11) celebrity activities; and (12) multiplicity. The distribution of specific quantities is shown in tables 2-2:
Table 2-2 distribution of the number of items in the social news for the misuse of the declaration (1872-1895)
Figure 2-2 proportion of content of social media for the filing period
From the results of tables 2-2 and figures 2-2, the following features can be seen in the coverage of the social news of the glare period:
(i) the work of ghost legends is obvious
According to the results of the sample, the number of stories in the realm of ghost legends is only 1. 1 per cent, with fewer than 50 articles, with little weight in the sum of the various types of content, but this category exists only during an abusive period and is a feature of the social news of the declaration at its inception。
They cannot yet be called news stories by the standards of the news, and there is no guarantee that the primacy of authenticity is not guaranteed. There is no precise source of information, and much of what the devil says is the destructive effect of communication. Earlier, a strange story was published in the second edition of the declaration of 5 june 1872, which reads as follows:
West lake
From west lake, it's been told that there are gold bulls in the lake who have never seen a man in the water before. I can't tell you that i can't tell you that i can't tell you that i can't tell you that i've seen naked women on the bridge before zhao qing temple before i've seen the night's lunar and broken the bridge. The next day in the lake, when the blood of every scavenger was splattered with blood on the night of the ball's fall, when the black pavilion from the golden gate to the pine field approached, it became clear that the fear of moving things around the grass was that it was not too clear that the matter would twirl from the grass, and the sound of it was almost half a mile away。
The report is a collection of three strange events in lake west, hangzhou, with obvious ghost colours, such as the presence of gold-cows in lake west, nudist women throwing moons at lakes and blood-scathing. The source of the report is “friends speaking from hangzhou”, which is extremely vague and authoritative. However, the nuanced, legendary, strangeness of the information itself has become the greatest highlight, and does not depend on content for service and guidance, for information. In a media environment where the press is poorly developed and professional ideas are lacking, such coverage has become an important tool for declaring market penetration。
In addition to the very few stories that appear in the same format, the vast majority of them are independent and are more diverse than the west lake extremism, and the stories are more diverse, with bones turned, foxes, walkers, snakes, dead and resuscitated, demons, ghosts, etc., and the following one is a skull story, the full text of which is as follows:
I'm keeping an eye on the skull
It's an old story
Wei-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-e-i one night in the middle of a single court, the middle of a mid-autumn and the mid-autumn view, if it's cold at night, there's already a woman in the bedroom who's in the middle of a 15th or 16th stairwell. I don't know where the fairies come from when they're laughing and bowing. I wonder why she should come with me because she's dead, and if she's in doubt, she'll have to go away and die with a woman who's been smug and smug. Even though the gentleman's house is more pleased to paint the blue bridge with a light and a candle that fits into the twilight of a twilight hole, it's still like a dream to laugh and not answer for half a year's exhaustion, or the fact that a person knows that he can't resist his parents' doubts. This skull has no reason to blame her for not only her life, but also her parents' failure to believe that he has set up an altar for the expulsion of a woman who is a traitor. And so the more a friend tells him that the more the day comes, and the more the woman turns away from him, the less she will die, the more recent things are asked, and the more he hears, the more the days of the funerals tend to be enchanted, the place where the beads are painted, or the place where the brides of the high hall are found, and the place where there is no doubt about what is wrong with the woman, the place where the man who has fallen into prostitution, the place where he must be rewarded, and the place where he will protect his wife, and the place where he will harm his wife, and where he will suffer so much, the false hand will be cast into the grave that revenge will be avenged。
The title of the article is only a name, which is not clear and, to a certain extent, is also vague, and the author of the text gives his answer but uses an alias. The end of the article also makes a call for vigilance, but with obvious phantom colours, the writing of the entire text is accompanied by a strong literary pen, the story is complete and exhaustive, the fictional fiction is in between words, the graphic sense of the article is strong, and the detail of the narrative is far from the true objective requirements of the news. The titles of 40 stories of ghost legends are shown in tables 2-3:
Table 2-3 social news of the declarion - summary of headings of the ghosts report
In any case, the pattern of obscurantist rumours cannot be counted as social journalism in the true sense, but in the media environment at the time there was some room for such coverage. In terms of time, the whole obscenity period is essentially published throughout the year; in quantitative terms, it averages about two per year, albeit on a small scale, but it is a phenomenon unique to obscurity; in terms of content, there is a diversity of subjects, ranging from demons, ghosts to fairy bodies, ghost bodies, etc.; and in morphological terms, independent reporting and emphasis on novelty processing. This type of coverage is a unique phenomenon of excessive periods。
(ii) high percentage of case-type stories
The reporting of various civil criminal cases has been the focus of social media attention at this stage, accounting for 22. 1 per cent of the total coverage of social media. Cases continued to be reported since the launch of the declaration. The news on criminal cases focuses on the progress of the various murder cases, including, inter alia, fighting to death, vendettas, hooligans, etc., which are characterized by bloody colours, peculiarities and the fall of stories, and are of high journalistic value. The news of civil cases focuses on the handling of disputes, mainly theft, family conflicts, trafficking, fraud, land possession, arrears, arson, emotional problems, etc., which relate to the daily lives of the public, their geographical and psychological proximity, and their ability to satisfy the public's intense eccentricity。
In terms of content, the case reports focus on soft content, which, to a certain extent, is consistent with social journalism's characterization, especially as driven by the commercial benefits of the declaration, and which focuses on the meaning of the circumstance, either as a result of condescension, or as a vendetta, or as a result of surprises, or as short or indecent parents。
Case reporting, which initially did not form a fixed, stand-alone column, appeared as a stand-alone issue. As the newspaper pattern continued to improve and the social geography of shanghai evolved, a large number of cases with the same distribution as rentals began to be reported, such as the legal house locking case, the american house hunting chronicle, the legal court case, the british public court case, the shanghai county district department division case, etc., all appeared on a thematic basis, with a single news item, a short text, in general, and a brief summary of a case in a few words。
The first case report to be published in the declaration was on 4 may 1872, the third issue of the original, and on the third page of the same day, a news report was published on a civil case that was considered in a slightly funny and rational court, as follows:
I don't know
On the 25th of this month, the audience saw a man kneeling with a dog to fight with the father and mother of chen shi-ma, an american translator for the osmagaan, who thought that a strange case and the discovery of a child who had come to his home to eat his child's obscenity was a surprise, and that it was his intention not to punish a child who had gone to his home to kill him, but to beat him to death, saying that if he had fought to free him with his staff, he would have killed him if he had done so much for him. All foreigners and dogs don't give a damn if they don't punish the chinese
The news reported that the children of the sun family were frightened by the dog of their neighbour when they were at home, that the owner of the grandson had injured the dog in order to drive away the dog, and that two families had confronted the court, which resulted in the punishment of someone for the death of the dog. The news is typical of neighbourhood disputes, with strong new and strange colours, especially since the results of events are outside the realm of national perceptions, and the conclusion of the report is written in a narrative that clearly points to the inappropriateness of foreign legislation. The journalistic value of this fact is somewhat interesting, with a clear view, which negates the wrong approach, with the article reproducing and the person giving only his or her last name, and the process being detailed。
Press writing requires that facts be presented on the basis of facts, and it is, after all, less likely that incidents such as the one described above will occur in court. Cases of abuse are reported more extensively, ranging from family conflicts, fights, fraud theft, embezzlement of property and land, to a relatively high number of cases, and the book extracts titles from various years in order to provide a brief and clear picture of the coverage of case-type stories (see tables 2-4)。
Table 2-4 summary of social news of the declarion - case-type report
Table 2-4 social news of the exhaustion of the declaration - summary of news titles for case-type reporting
(iii) social security reporting is also at the forefront of social journalism play
The upheavals in public life, even if they are minimal, have attracted attention in a fixed and limited geographical space, and the proximity and lifeization of social news has led to a focus on social security reporting, which accounts for a total of 21. 9 per cent of the contents of the declaration。
A news article on ship theft was published in the initial issue of the declaration, which reads as follows:
The fact that two ships operating on the coast have been caught in the shadows of the crowds has been the result of a large number of attacks。
It does not have a separate title, the content of the news, e. G., time, specific course of events, etc., is less detailed, the content of the story is not self-contained, but it is published in the original issue, which is reflected in the newspaper's preference for social security-type stories, which, while not geographically close or highly serviceable, is satisfactory to the audience in shanghai, but also serves to satisfy the consumer mentality of soft content and the public nature and living of information that inspires the audience's desire to read。
This pattern of content theft was relatively well developed and developed in the same year's news, as in the third edition of east africa, on 17 october 1872, which reads as follows:
We're all running
There's a jewelry store outside the new north gate that's been working so hard for years, and it's getting more and more. It's not surprising that one of the shop's employees trusted the store to have all the gold and silver made by the silversmiths, but he ran away from all the gold and silver in the store the day before and the night before. I am sure that the owner of this shop will be able to live a life of careless self-reliance because of his own sins, because he has had to。
The news has a separate title, a clear time, specific time and location, but the name of the jewellery store and the name of the owner are not available, there are comments at the end, and the news form is more complete。
The book draws a number of news titles from various years, as shown in tables 2-5:
Table 2-5 social news of the declarion - summary of news titles for security-type reports
Table 2-5 social news of the declarion — summary of news titles of security-type reports
In general, in the form of the press, security reporting has undergone a process of change ranging from a single element to a more comprehensive one; the volume of the news is more evenly distributed and numerous over the years; and, in addition to theft, the declaration focuses on social events such as fights, robberies, quarrels, falsifications, body reports, smuggling and trafficking, and rumours, which are important elements of public interest。
(iv) natural and man-made disasters are a regular feature of social journalism
This element has always been an integral part of the declaration of excessive periods. Sample statistics show 16 per cent of the total content. The first was a report on the shipwreck on the third edition of no. 2, 1872, which is summarized below:
The wreck of the rona ship has been translated
The loss of the rona ship on the 14th of this month is now known to all. Fifty-five chinese, five western, five singaporeans, four singaporeans, 54 of them, according to the savior savior detail, were covered by a dark, dark, dark, stormy ship that was about 7:30 a. M. In the morning, before the sight of its head, with a flash of light and sudden collision with a large ship. The ship's three boats are in danger of being rescued, and the waves are pouring into the ship, which will bring the ship's crew to 66, even if one of the boats can save 25 more if it can be pre-emptively added。
The content of the story is complete, with clear descriptions of time, place, event, cause, process and outcome; the headlines refer to the main events; the narrative ends with a reflective extraction of views; and the articles are detailed and send a complete message of the accident to the audience。
In addition to such accidental reporting, natural disaster reporting is also an important aspect of social journalism, such as the publication on the third edition of 8 may 1872 of a volcanic eruption abroad, which reads as follows:
Volcanic
A large volcano in idari has been smelling a fire coming out of yesterday's wires and a rock coming out of the mountains, and it's almost as if it's been stoned and burned to death by more than 200 people。
The news of the earthquake was published in the fourth edition on 14 may 1872, as follows:
Earthquake in japan
The governor of the japanese shrimp shrimp local earthquake was fortunate to have escaped and was forced to flee to the bottom of the ground by an earthquake of 500 people。
Both of these messages reflect messages of natural disasters from abroad, and although they seem to be far from the shanghai audience, measured by the proximity of value elements, such catastrophic news itself can inspire a sense of common humanity's compassion and remains the focus of media attention until now。
A total of 602 reports of natural and man-made disasters during indiscriminate periods covered a wide range of natural disasters, such as floods, fires, earthquakes, snow disasters, droughts, storms, etc., as well as various human-induced disasters, such as car accidents, collapses, shipwrecks, property losses, accidents, etc. For example, guangdong fire ship crashes, the driver's corruption, the hong kong hurricane, the test ship's death, the fire alarm, the flooding of the south village river, the act of death, the collapse of the bridge, etc. The coverage is not long and is dominated by information about 200 words. Because of the regularity of their coverage, the scale covers years of indiscriminate periods。
(v) there is a certain amount of surprise content
Surprising news is an integral part of social news today, both in and out of the world, because the fact itself is a novel and curious element of value, and, in the case of hard news, can be a source of daily enrichment for the general public. A new incident was published in the original issue of the newspaper concerning the capture of a tiger by 200 people, without injury or injury, as follows:
It is also surprising to hear that a foreign doctor has rescued and wounded eight of the wounded if no one is left and wounded。
The news had no independent press title, its sources had been blurred, the location of the incident had not been sufficiently precise and the process had been described more briefly。
A total of 300 social news stories of this type are available during the open season, accounting for 8 per cent of the total. In terms of content, these reports mainly contain interesting stories about animals and plants, such as dogs that can raise horses, pyres and dead wood; features such as strange natural images such as wind, fog and snow; introductions to new things such as new lights, meters and new uniforms; and new things such as dwarfs, digs out cocoons, digs out gold, etc., all of which have strong new and strange colors. In terms of the form of the reports, the use of well-defined information and space is almost 200 to 300 words, with separate press titles. According to the sources of the news, some are selected from hong kong newspapers, some are written in writing, and others have no exact source. On a scale, while not a top-heavy subject, it has been distributed over the years, with a percentage in the middle, but it is an irreplaceable part of the story. The title of this book is summarized below, as detailed in tables 2-6。
Table 2-6 social news of the dictionary declaration — summary of news titles for surrounding incidents
Table 2-6 social news of the exhaustion of the declarion - summary of news titles for news stories of the anecdotes
(vi) a relatively high proportion of over-the-counter stories, resulting in regular reporting categories
Such content is also a major feature of the social news of the declaration. In terms of content, it is more varied, and it is more varied in terms of information, including family conflicts, emotional problems between men and women, social security, natural and man-made disasters, good deeds, various civil and criminal cases, and a small number of celebrity activities. The size of a single piece of information is small, basically expressing an event in short language. The headlines of the news are presented in a category, mostly in the form of “names + suffix”, which usually contain the most significant suffixes of these tables, such as the “clutter” “clique” “clutter” “clique” “close” “mail”. There are also more subtle expressions, such as “showing” and “showing” and “backing” and “sniffing” and “sweeting” and “sweet” and “sweeting” and “sweet”. In terms of time distribution, the first five years of the declaration's launch, when there was almost no such ad hoc narrative coverage, began to appear in 1885, after which it became a regular pattern of coverage in large numbers and evenly distributed over the years. Geographically, such stories focus their attention on other cities in the country, which also compensates for the difficulty of local newspapers in shanghai viewing information outside the country and provides a channel for the shanghai audience to understand changes in the field. Such content can deliver a larger amount of information in a limited area of print space, is produced in a simple form and has a certain reporting value, serves the needs of the audience for diversified information and serves as a reporting force for the declaration during its busy reporting period. The titles are presented in summary tables, as shown in tables 2-7:
Table 2-7 social news of the declarion - summary of news titles for miscellaneous coverage
(vii) relatively low coverage of municipalities, celebrities, services, etc
First, a total of 246 articles, representing 6. 5 per cent of the sum of the various types of content, are good for the good, new morals and new styles of reporting, which are also more attractive to audiences because of their positive energy. The inaugural issue of the declaration contains an excerpt of a generous donation from a man named shi by the man who made the couple poor:
You'll have to pay for it
One of shi's nai-chi, whose name is nostalgic, has fallen into a scene where the villagers and their mothers weep. His neighbour, who was married to a wife who owed money to her family, and who had not abandoned her child, asked for the sum of 50 dollars in geometry, which he owed to him, and for the sum of 70 dollars to his concubines, to redeem the money he had not paid. The 30-year-old debt-paying man can't make a living... And then the village can't sit with his wife until he's dead... .. And the back of his wife's right arms has jumped... .. And the rest of the matter is in the hands of his orders
The title of the article is clear and acclaimed, and the course of events is exhaustive, but the information elements are unclear, such as the name of the person is inaccurate and there is no exact location. As the first good news story of the declaration, it also has its special significance, a novel event that is easy to understand, close to life, full of context and inspiration, more than the various commercial, religious and scientific and technological information and correctional articles that have been published before, and which attracts a deep audience。
Second, there are 207 articles on family, marital and emotional issues, representing 5. 5 per cent of the total, which are often found in social media. One of the earliest articles of the declaration on this subject was a news piece on the second edition of 6 may 1872 on the lewdness of monks, which is reproduced below:
Monks
A friend from the village of the middle eastern forest who told us that he was a concubine of the tea mountain and that his wife and child were not used to obstinately obscuring his family's unsatisfied efforts, told him that he was a concubine of his wife. You should have stayed out of the house long enough to meet the monk, who seemed to be inquisitive, and then returned to the doorroom on the night of the day in question, in which he smiled, and was angry that more than a dozen of his gamblers had taken away their wives from their homes for the sake of sobo's moneyners... ... And had their ears cut off on their couch without hiding it, and had to beg again and again to break up with some of the 500-kings and nasch's assets. It would be a shame to be able to travel in such a way as to destroy the order by a single thought, so that it would be lost and so that it would fall。
The report describes the incident in which a monk, in private with a woman who is a married woman, revealed punishment, the process was clear and the evaluation of the incident concluded with a negative view. The sources of the articles are unclear, the true identity and name of the news figures are incomplete and the exact timing of the events is not expressed, but as such, the emotional content with a high degree of privacy and anomaly, consistent with the psychological desire of the audience to detect emotional life, still has a certain audience market。
In addition to these reports, which are related to emotional problems between men and women, the contradictions in the content of family life are also a part of the social news of the declaration, such as the one on the third edition of 10 may 1872, in which an old woman complains about the ill-treatment of a foster child, as follows:
It's too much
Some child who was 17 or 18 years old accused of torture claims that the child was the son of one of the family members last year... And that the child's right arm was scarred by the fire of red iron yesterday with the intent of asking the court to punish him because he wanted to grow into an entertaining evening. The obstinacy of reading and learning is a repetition of the theft of silver from the hysterics... And the whipping of the hysteria...................................................... And the official order to return him to his family's house....................................... And the duty to teach the obscenity and greed of young children...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Similarly, the text is vague in its account of the elements of the press, with no specific name, identity, location, etc. Of the person, but it contains specific details, such as “the burning of a child's right arm with red iron” and concludes with an opinion on the method of education, the particularity and cruelty of the incident itself, as well as an independent analysis。
Thirdly, a total of 185 articles were reported on customs and customs, accounting for 4. 9 per cent of the total. The percentage is low, with less content in the category of human beings, mainly focusing on bad social conditions such as gambling, lewdness, smuggling, superstition, etc. The declaration was first published in the second edition on 9 may 1872, in an article on the fall of women, as follows:
Fireworks
Every time a woman who uses tobacco as a bait for the flower, she will be forced to go back to her house without knowing that there is a man who is angry at her woman's corruption trap, and who is too angry at the fact that the man who ordered her to go on a tour to the court to take her to court is not angry with his wife's desire to go back to the market and fight against chen. In the absence of a word of caution, it is clear to women that they are becoming more and more intuitive in the form of a cylindrical entourage, and in the form of a small family, it is important that those who are concerned have a way of repairing it rather than strangling it。
Although the text does not address specific times, places and figures, but is merely referred to as “men” and “women”, after all criticism of women's downfalls in critical language, this alerting report is clearly relevant in shanghai, where there is a relatively open and mixed ideology and culture。
Subsequently, coverage of municipal construction, service news and celebrity activities has been minimal during abusive periods。
As far back as the third edition of the declaration of 2 may 1872, a comment piece on the benefits of building railways in shanghai was published, " a guide to railway construction " , on the second edition of 4 may, " a conference to build bridges " , and on the first edition of 10 may, " a conference to build water pools " , among other things, were published in the first edition, which is of vital interest to the population and meets the needs of the audience for information about the real changes that have taken place in the surrounding society, as well as a strong and realistic service。
The first service message was a market run on tea and cloths from the hanguchi and tianjin regions, published on the fourth edition of 22 may 1872, which reads as follows:
Hanguchi tianjin's new tea market
Today, the chinese government has sold some of the new teas from shincheng, which are already 12 times higher than last year, but one or two times higher than the previous year’s good price, has fallen to the bottom of one or two。
This type of content is mainly a source of information for some of the target audiences in the form of life services, related to the basic quality of life of the general public, and is also an effective source of information for businessmen's business activities. These are reports of commodity market prices, various discounts, new openings, etc., totalling nine items, or 0. 2 per cent of the total, and very little information on service delivery at this stage。
Finally, there were 72 human news articles, accounting for 1. 9 per cent of the sum of the various articles, the first of which was an article on the birth of the french prince, published on the fourth edition of 7 may 1872, which reads as follows:
I'm going to give birth to you
On february 16th, the birth of the former prince of napolun, and the more frequent gifts given to the prince by some of france’s tycoon’s former servants, the man who did not wish to die with his life’s fate, was the one who felt the same way。
Time, figures, events are clear, and short narratives include an assessment of the success or failure of the person. This type of content is mainly covered by well-known figures from abroad and in shanghai, such as officials or social activists, who report on activities such as old and old illness, social activity, birth, marriage, etc. This is the case with the constitution of the republic of china, the death of shai each other, the rule of history, the leave of zhejib, the death of wu。
In general, the eccentric type of news, although small in scale, is unique to the term; the amount of information in the category of living services is negligible; there is a high rate of case, security and disaster-related reporting, which is the norm in the social news of the declaration; and the variety of narratives that form a regular reporting column covering the basic areas covered by social news throughout the term, highlighting the dissemination of facts of a variety of peculiarities, peculiarities, violence and privacy, which are more in line with the original commercial market orientation of the declaration。
Characteristic analysis of social journalism
Despite a more spectacular pattern of coverage and comprehensive coverage in terms of the volume of coverage, social news over the reporting period is characterized by the inadequacy of its development phase as an indiscriminate period, which is reflected, inter alia, in the singleness of the reporting, the time lag of the reporting period, the limited length of coverage, the monolithic nature of the news sources, the rigidity of the news titles and the singularity of the reporting area, as follows:
(i) relatively fixed layout, with a concentration of 2nd and 3rd editions, with a single layout of at least 1/3
Social news covers the second and third editions in general, with fewer releases in the first and fourth editions and occasionally in the ninth edition. Usually part of the submission is posted at the end of the first edition, then transferred to the second edition, then the second and third editions, or the entire page, and in less than one third. Social news is generally available on the pages used to publish information in abusive declarations. An analysis of the list shows the importance attached by the declaration to social media. The first edition is usually used to publish more important manuscripts, and although there was no clear editorial idea of the main sequence in the 1970s, an empirical arrangement could be made in the visual order of receipt, and the content of the first edition was very important. The first edition of the declaration, which usually contains information on international politics and military matters, as well as important statements and hard news on the national and local levels that are vital to the well-being of the population, often carries even the opening part of social news at the end of the page and is then transferred to the second edition, which is sufficient evidence of the importance the newspaper attaches to social news. Details of the specific layouts are given in tables 2-8:
Table 2-8 list of social news sub-distributions of the declaration
The size of the floor space is an important reference to determine the importance of the manuscript as a whole, as evidenced by the size of the page. The social news coverage of the declaration, which is overstretched, is larger. The book is divided into five levels from the percentage of space in individual editions of social news, by quantitative breakdown, as shown in tables 2-9:
Tables 2-9 statistical table on the size of the social news page of the manifesto
Thus, in the case of individual editions, social information accounts for more than 60 per cent of the surface area, of which more than 90 per cent covers nearly 20 per cent, and the minimum 30 per cent covers 26. 9 per cent. In any case, the social media coverage of the overstretched declaration covers a relatively large area and is valued。
(ii) news is the main and almost exclusive form of journalism
Despite the extremely imperfect professional thinking and the fact that the ad hoc understanding and choice of news stories are still in a state of uncertainty, news is still the most used method at this stage, measured by the presentation, expression and purpose of the news elements. Details on the use of the various categories are given in tables 2-10:
Tables 2-10 list of social media applications for abusive declaration periods
As can be seen from the table, the frequency with which news is used is 78. 8 per cent of the overall picture, while the sum of modern news writings, such as newsletters, reviews and features, is barely 10 per cent. Because of the special nature of the content disseminated at this stage, there are also stories of various kinds, which account for about 1 per cent, which cannot be classified as messages because of the lack of authenticity of the news. A special case at this stage is the fact that the various types of content information are presented in a single article, which is grouped under a single heading, with a relatively mixed set of styles, incorporating messages, features and brief comments, as well as a number of communications, and are therefore presented separately in this book。
In any case, the use of obscurantism is more uniform, contented with the presentation of basic factual profiles, the transmission of information, the drawing of details, emotional communication and the appearance of views, and, therefore, the reliance on such obscurantism is so high that other types of obscurantism are used with minimal frequency。
(iii) increased proportion of short stories
The lack of a living environment in which the types of media in an abusive period dictates that a simple message of external change can also be used as an object of news dissemination, so that there is little insight into the depth, breadth, meaning, value and form of the news, with short paragraphs, a few words, or even a single sentence, that can be used in large numbers to transmit simple external changes, so that at this time the social news is relatively short and focuses on informing the audience about what is happening outside, with relatively small capacity. For a detailed distribution of space, see tables 2-11:
Tables 2-11 statistics on the length of social news for the misuse of the declaration
Thus, nearly 80 per cent of the total number of articles within 500 words, in particular, the highest proportion of short texts within 200 words, almost half of the total, and only 5 per cent of articles over 1,000 words. The social news at this time is not as demanding as it should be in terms of the completeness and depth of the facts。
(iv) single source of information, with the present newspaper as the subject of contributions
