China's modern plant landscape design is still based on three seasons of flowering and greening. As landscape designers have little knowledge of plants and, in particular, lack of awareness of the appropriate conditions for plant growth, modern landscapes in china have mostly focused on hard landscapes, which have been relegated to the linen of artificial landscapes such as fountains, sculptures and small objects。
From these landscape works, people's perceptions of natural resources, geographical landscapes and natural cultures are not felt. Plant landscape design is simply understood to be plant-planting grass, and landscape designers are used to decorate the environment with flowers and trees, prefer plant materials to form pattern effects, and are keen on artificially trimmed to form a whole set of ribbons, sphericals or geometrys; or plant communities that are multilayered with a large number of plants, but with a very strong artificial aerobics; or one-sided emphasis on ecological effects, shifting large numbers of adult trees to cities and gardens。
Over-corrupted landscapes have lost their wild natural styles; unscientific indigence has brought with them enormous costs; extremely poor plant materials have created monolithic landscapes; and a single design technique has created the same landscape。
I. Transfer of the initiatives of parallion-making
Different peoples, at different times, have different perceptions of the relationship between human beings and nature, and different natural views have largely led to differences in the form and content of landscape design. With the serious degradation of the global natural ecosystems and the worsening of the human living environment, the perception of nature and the relationship between human beings and nature have changed dramatically. Human beings, who once considered themselves masters of nature, are now widely recognized as mere members of nature. This shift in perception is the root cause of a dramatic change in modern landscape design thinking。
Traditional landscape designs view nature as a raw material, guided by people-centred thinking, and emphasize manual adaptation of nature. In fact, traditional landscape designs reflect the process of human conquest of nature. In the course of the continuation of the landscape of the landscaping, persistent human resistance to the effects of nature is needed to avoid the naturalization of artificial landscaping; rather, modern landscape designs treat nature as the subject, emphasizing appropriate adaptation to natural patterns, minimizing anthropogenic interference with nature and making full use of natural force to create a real natural place of life。
The essence of modern landscape design is the full protection of natural characteristics and the sustainable use of natural resources for the benefit of people. The landscape design process is the designer's process of understanding nature, and natural culture is the permanent theme of landscape design. Therefore, the primary task of landscape design is to preserve, restore and demonstrate the geographical landscape of the land. Just as each inch of the land is a piece of the earth, every landscape of the forest should also be a piece of a whole geographical landscape。
Plants are indicative elements of a geographical natural landscape and one of the most representative elements reflecting natural landscape types. As a result, plant landscape design has become one of the most important design elements in modern international landscapes. The emphasis on natural cultural and plant landscape design techniques is the complexity and uniqueness of landscape design and a high threshold for other people to enter the landscape area。
There is a growing realization that plants, like humans, are subject to constant migration in their development, that nature itself can turn a porosity into a competition for a variety of migratory plants, and that artificially constructed plant communities can produce structural variations under natural influences. Only plant communities adapted to local natural conditions can sustain sustainable stability. In the past, wastelands were considered worthless, and in cities they were seen as declining human capacity to conquer nature and declining urban governance. Now people see the wasteland as an ideal place for landscape designers to learn from nature。
Thus, the trend in modern plant landscape design is to fully understand the patterns of plant landscape formation and evolution in a geographical natural landscape and to adapt to this pattern in plant configuration. Designers should not only focus on the visual effects of plant landscapes, but also on the creation of plant types that are adapted to local natural conditions and that are self-renewalable and reflect the local landscape. Plant landscapes become a major feature of a region, or even of a landscape, and a personality that others cannot easily copy. It can be said that the essence of modern landscape design is to provide the most appropriate conditions for the natural growth of plants。
Ii. Modern plant landscapesDesign principles
Modern plant landscape design no longer emphasizes the accumulation of a large number of plant varieties, nor is it limited to individual plant beauty, such as appearances, postures, flowers, colours, etc., but rather pursues the spatial scale of plant formation, as well as plant communities that reflect local natural conditions and geographical landscape characteristics, with particular emphasis on the natural distribution characteristics and overall landscape effects of plant communities. Therefore, modern plant landscape design should be guided by the following basic principles:
1. Principle of nature: plant landscape design is first and foremost adapted to local natural conditions and plant configurations according to the distribution characteristics of natural vegetation, reflecting the natural evolutionary characteristics of plant communities。
2. The principle of geographicality: plant landscape design should be combined with landscape, water system, with adequate local physical and human landscape features. The so-called “land-appropriate tree” is intended to create the appropriate geographical landscape and select the appropriate plant community type。
3. Diversity principle: plant landscape design should fully reflect the richness of local plant varieties and the diversity of plant communities. The creation of rich and diverse plant landscapes depends first and foremost on the shaping of rich and diverse environmental spaces, and the principle of so-called “tree-friendly lands” emphasizes the creation of more suitable habitats for various plant communities。
4. Indicative principle: plant landscape design should be based on the physical conditions of the site, such as topography, soil, moisture, light, etc., as well as human landscape characteristics and management levels, to create plant community types that are suitable for site characteristics and are indicative of natural conditions, avoiding anti-natural, anti-geographical, anti-climate, anti-season and anti-season plant landscape design techniques。
5. Time-based principle: plant landscape design should take full advantage of the pattern of plant growth and phyto-crop rotation, focusing on the effects of plant landscapes over time, seasonally and with age, emphasizing the ability of artificial plant communities to grow naturally and themselves, and opposing time-sensitive design techniques such as tree shifting and artificial trim。
6. Economic principles: emphasis on the natural appropriateness of plant communities, aiming at the economy and simplicity of plant landscape conservation and management. Conservation management should be managed in such a way that it is time-consuming, water and fertility-intensive and artificially artificial in plant landscape design。
Types of communities in modern plant landscapes
From the above-mentioned principles of plant landscape design, modern landscape designers are interested in the following types of plant communities:
1. Landscape types: these include landscape types such as mosaics, salin lands and rocky drylands, dominated by wild herbs such as dry, rocky and salt resistant plants
Type of forest landscape: includes landscape types such as planted forest land, secondary forest land, interfacing forest land, with woody plants as the main subject
Swamp wetland types: these include landscape types such as river waters, wetland marshes and pebbles beaches, dominated by marshes, wet and aquatic plants
Agricultural landscape types: these include various types of landscape, such as agricultural land, horticultural gardens, crop cultivation, and are dominated by cash crops, such as crops, horticultural crops, orchards and tea gardens。
Iv. Methodological methodology for current production
1. The domestication of wild plants by collecting wild plants from the natural forest areas of the region or from the wilderness, with due emphasis on the coarseness and suitability of plant communities, reducing conservation and management costs and highlighting natural wildness
2. Inducing the domestication of alien plants: the introduction of plants from neighbouring or near climatic zones to domesticate them, making full use of the appeal of alien conditions to the public, in order to enrich the region's plant varieties and communities
3. Combining design of nursery production: organize tree-directed production based on the needs of landscape design, which, in the longer design cycle, allows plants to be prepared several years in advance and avoids waste caused by the lack of discovery and blind production of the plant required for design。
