I. Characteristics
01 press release, “six elements”
The “six elements” in the news report are commonly referred to as “persons (who), time (who), location (where), event (what), cause (why) and manner (how). At least three of these elements are included in the english short news or executive summary: who, what and why, which are the three most valuable elements of the news。
02 penultimate pyramid structure
The so-called reverse pyramid structure, also known as the reverse narrative, is the gradual expansion of the whole text from points to details according to the importance of the news facts. The penthouse structure places the most important fact in the first sentence of the entire text, the news lead. The introduction informs listeners of the most fresh, concerned and important facts, such as events (what), time (who), place (where), character (who), and why (how). The news guide is a high-level overview of the content of the whole news and understands the main elements of the news. Of course, because of the different focus of news coverage, sometimes the news guide may contain only a few elements。
03 newsEnglish glossaryCharacteristics
Common terminology indicates special meaning
News reports often use certain common terms to express facts and events, which, through their long-standing use, gradually acquire a special meaning linked to news stories and become newswords (journalistic words). For example, the term horror is a term commonly used in the headlines to denote “unfortunate accident or act of violence” and, as in the case of nadir, “the lowest point in the relationship between the two countries”。
2. Extensive use of abbreviations
The abbreviations are time-saving and novel and are widely used in english-language news broadcasts, mainly to save time. In english-language news broadcasts, the acronyms are usually used after the full name of an abbreviation is broadcast。
Use of the word “lower”
Minor words (midt words) are short words, which are typically monosonic. The reason why the word is widely used in the english language of the news is the limited size of the newspaper, the fact that the word is used in such a way that it is not transposed, and the broad and flexible nature of the term. In the news, english is called synoIn general, short words, such as hit, harm, hurt or ruin, are used to indicate “discard” or “damage”; in the case of “renunciation”, such as loop, give up, quit or sskip; and in the case of “explosion”, such as blast, rash or smash。
4. Use of geographical names, names of buildings
In the english-language news, we often hear journalists represent countries or governments under the names of their capitals and government agencies under the names of buildings and streets. Like washington, july 25-- the white house today threatened for the first time to... The white house here represents the united states government. The chinese embassy in washington brought the pentagon report on monday... Here pentagon represents the united states department of defense。
News hearingThis part of the news is based on news reports or short reviews familiar to students in well-known foreign media programmes, such as voa, bbc or cnn, and is diverse in terms of culture, education, sports, characters, economy, nature, technology and life. In preparing for the examination, candidates can aim to broaden their intellectual and news sensitivity. The lines of the news and hearing are as follows:
IiiEnglish level 4Hearing journalism skills
1. Regular exercise
To improve the english-language understanding of news, it is important to train people on a daily basis. In the course of day-to-day training, it is necessary to follow certain skills and strategies, develop habits, sustain them, and find and develop appropriate training strategies based on their own characteristics and weaknesses。
1) be careful with the amount of practice
Every day, i insist on listening to a large number of news programmes in english, known as “audience”. This allows candidates to familiarize themselves with the news structure, current affairs, access to information, accumulation of knowledge of the history and cultural background of news events, familiarity with the voice and tone of different broadcasters, familiarity with pronunciation features such as read-in, rereading, weak reading, blasting, assimilation, etc., enhancement of speech, accumulation and expansion of vocabulary, familiarity with the terminology commonly used in news stories, etc。
2) ensure the quality of practice
There's a certain amount of "sounding" based on hearing. The so-called “sounding” is the extraction of representative news, which is broadcast repeatedly, listening repeatedly and taking notes to capture its content in a comprehensive and detailed manner. Starting with the introduction, familiar with the main phrase structure of each news, grasping the central message of the news and then starting with what, who. Where, where, where, why, how and how get all the questions that concern them, i. E. All the details and additional elements. The combination of “hearing” and “repeat” can be improved not only by increasing the level of hearing, but also by sculpting and increasing the level of speech and writing。
3) to focus on the world
It is not difficult to see how many of the four-level english-language practical tests of the past years have been relevant to major international events of the year, such as the middle east (newsitem2 of 2008, newsitem6 of 2006, newsitem1 of 2007) and refugees (newsitem1 of 2007) newsitem1, 2005, newsitem1, 2007, newsitem5, terrorism (2008newsitem1), economic trade (2006newsitem5, 2007newsitem3, 2008newsitem6). Therefore, candidates cannot learn books with a single mind, but also focus on the world. Regular reading of newspapers and magazines, regular listening to news broadcasts, television news, international currents and national events。
2. Play-off
“for thousands of days, for a while.” training is very important, but... If you play well in the field, you can add more flowers。
1) make reasonable assumptions
The time between the receipt of the test paper and the beginning of the audio recording, as well as the 10-second gap between the two topics, should be used to quickly browse questions and options, and to make reasonable assumptions about the content of the news, so that it can be targeted and selective, in order to capture relevant information, filter irrelevant content and reduce the burden of hearing and memory。
2) to capture the news guide
As noted above, the introduction is generally the first sentence of a news item. The introduction is to present the six essential elements of news fact and news events, namely, who (person), what (incident), where (place), where (time), why (cause) or how (progress) in the shortest possible time and at the fastest possible pace to the reader, in the most concise and lively words. Having captured the guide, it captured the important content of the news。
3) make necessary notes
News english, because of its speed and volume of information, makes it difficult for candidates to remember effectively all the details related to the examination in a short period of time in the brain. Moreover, short-term memory of the brain is time-limited and beyond a certain amount of time, and information weakens or disappears. Therefore, while listening to longer information during the examination, you have to listen while taking notes. The main points of the notes are the person, the event, the place, the time, the six elements of the news and some figures。
(4) maintain a good mind
Be confident, remove all psychological burdens and maintain a good psychological state. The so-called good psychological state means that neither the relaxation nor the tension can be excessive. Too relaxed to focus and to capture the introduction and main details of the news; overstretched, sweaty hands, faster heart beats, and there's a hole in the brain. In short, there is a need for a certain level of vigilance and a moderate degree of relaxation, which is the only way to achieve the desired level of..。
In short, good results in the english-language hearing of the 4th degree of journalism require both the necessary knowledge, hard training and persistence, as well as good psychological qualities and answering skills. With good faith and hard work, we are confident that you will achieve excellence。
