An autumn rain and a cold. Early in mid-october, the weather became colder and the temperature was rising day and night. The immune system for children is still developing, relatively weak and vulnerable to various pathogen attacks; it is densely populated and in close contact in schools, which increases the risk of infection and transmission, with a slight lack of attention likely to be “moderate” and painful for parents。
The beijing children's hospital is invited to provide professional interpretation of the points of identification, medical instructions and home care for the high incidence of infectious diseases among children in the autumn。
Question 1: what have been the recent high rates of infectious diseases among children
Respiratory infections are still predominant. The data from the forty-first week of surveillance at the china center for disease control show that the first three pathogens tested positive in the case of emergency emergency influenza were the influenza virus (13. 6 per cent), the nose virus (11. 2 per cent), the intestinal virus (3. 9 per cent), and among the cases of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitals, the nose virus, the influenza virus and the human pulmonary virus were among the highest. The positive rate of the new coronal test has been declining steadily and is at a low prevalence level。
In addition to respiratory infections, there are two types of attention in the autumn and winter: acute gastrointestinal inflammation due to the virus, the rotavirus and rash infectious diseases such as hand-and-foot oral diseases and poxes. These diseases are common among children, but do not mean that they are on the increase in the recent past, and parents should prevent and observe the symptoms of their children。
Question two: how does the flu, the crown, the gland virus distinguish
Answer: symptoms alone are difficult to distinguish precisely. In contrast to common flu, influenza tends to be more acute, with fevers, headaches, muscular acidic pains and physical incompetences. If the flu has recently been diagnosed by family members or classmates and the child has similar symptoms, the focus is on influenza. Common colds are usually dominated by nose plugs, running sneezes and sneezes, and are less comfortable。
Similar symptoms can occur in new coronal infections, some of which are associated with a high fever, acoustic pain and possibly an eye full of blood. However, these symptoms overlap, so parents do not themselves speculate about the type of virus, and the need for testing needs to be determined by doctors in relation to specific situations. It's more important to look at the whole child's state than to guess the virus。
In addition, care should be taken of the respiratory hysteria virus (rsv) and pneumoconitrigena. Initial symptoms of the respiratory combination virus are common flu, but the increased vulnerability of infants under six months of age to breathing, rapid breathing and difficulty in breastfeeding is one of the major pathogens that causes lower respiratory infections in infants and young children. Pneumonia is more common among school-age children, often in the form of fever, coughing, some of which is more severe and prolonged, and is not effective for penicillin and head sap antibacterials and does not use antibacterials on their own。
Question three: how do children recognize early vomiting of diarrhoea or rashes
A: children vomiting, diarrhoea must first be alert to dehydration. If the child's urine is significantly reduced, he/she is dry, tears are low and he/she is mentally ill, he/she should be treated in a timely manner. It is a daily practice for children not to drink raw water and to eat and wash fruit. The virus is more contagious, and special attention should be paid to hand hygiene and environmental disinfection if a person is infected at home. The patient should rest at home and return to school after 72 hours of complete disappearance. Adults should also refrain from cooking for their families and caring for infants and young children within three days of their disappearance。
The rash should focus on the mouth and the pox. If the child's mouth is sore, salivating or unwilling to eat, he or she has a rash on the heart, soles of his or her feet or hips, he or she is warned about the disease. In the event of failure to drink water, mental illness, shock or shaking, immediate medical attention should be provided, rather than waiting until the rash is clearly retreated. The month of september-november was a small fall peak in hand and foot disease, with children between the ages of 5 and being more sensitive. The pox is more manifested in the appearance of rashes in the head, torso, and progressive development into a herring, often accompanied by itching, with rashes occurring at different times。
Question four: what symptoms do children have to go to hospital
Response: to determine whether medical treatment is necessary, not just for physical temperature, but also for the child's age, basic health, mental, breathing, drinking water and urine assessment。
Children of old age who are healthy and older can rest at home and watch closely if their symptoms are lighter, mental and breathing stable, they can drink water normally and have normal urine. However, medical attention should be provided immediately if there is difficulty in breathing, purple lips, apparent sleep addiction or difficulty in awakening, convulsion, or frequent vomiting, lack of water and a marked decrease in urine. A fever of more than three days, or a renewed fever and cough after an improved condition, also needs to be assessed in a timely manner and not rigidly。
Children under five years of age, especially those under two years of age, as well as children with chronic basic diseases or low immune functions, should be more closely observed as soon as the symptoms of infection occur and should be consulted as soon as possible by a doctor; especially those younger than three months of age who have a fever should be treated in a timely manner。
In addition, parents can breathe in simple numbers: one minute in quiet, 60 minutes in february, 50 minutes in 2 months to 1 year of age and 40 minutes in 1 to 5 years of age, indicating that breathing may increase rapidly and require timely medical assessment. If there has been a significant respiratory effort, even if the above number has not been reached, immediate medical attention should be provided。
Question 5: what are the points to be addressed in home-based care
A: homecare focuses on four things。
One is water. Heating, vomiting and diarrhoea can increase the loss of moisture, and attention should be paid to supplementing water; infants should continue breastfeeding or formula feeding; and in cases of vomiting and diarrhoea, oral rehydration salts may be given on a small number of occasions in order to prevent and correct dehydration。
Two is observation. Not just the temperature, but the mental, breathing, feeding and urine changes. Timely medical treatment is required if mental disorders are deteriorating or if breathing effort and urine levels are significantly reduced。
Three is medicine. Depressants are used on medical instructions or instructions, and do not increase their own dose in pursuit of deflammation or frequently alternately. The fever does not heal and does not rush back to school。
Fourth is prevention of transmission. The child should be informed in a timely manner of the symptoms of an infectious disease, and should be required to rest at home in accordance with disease prevention and control; wash his hands with soap or hand-washing after meals and after his return from the home, using “seven steps to wash his hands” for two to three per day ventilation in the living room, for at least 30 minutes each time. In particular, parents are reminded that prevention of the transmission of the virus cannot be based solely on free alcohol disinfection and that hands should be washed carefully with soap and mobile water。
Von wenja reminds that, although there are many types of infectious diseases among children in the fall, parents do not have to panic. Children are routinely allowed to wash their hands, take care of indoor ventilation, and do not go to closed places where crowds gather and are vaccinated in a timely manner in accordance with immunization procedures. Symptoms are communicated to the school in time to rest at home and not to attend classes with illness. If there are dangerous signs such as stressful breathing, poor mental condition, lack of water, significant reduction in urine or convulsions, medical attention should be provided as soon as possible, so as not to be delayed by rashes such as “temperate fever”。
