The basics are to begin with any learning. To make a good picture, it is important to have basic photographic knowledge。
I. The right methodology of maintenance
The most important thing in the basics of filming is to hold the camera. No matter how well other photographic elements and techniques are mastered, the quality of the photographs is bound to be significantly reduced by the blurry of the images as long as there is an instant vibration。
While tripods can be used to reduce the likelihood of vibrations, more often than not, hand-held cameras are used and, in a “decisive moment”, photographers are often not allowed to spend time placing tripods and fixing cameras。
Digital cameras require more stability than traditional cameras. This is because the storage of information in electronic components takes an additional period of time, commonly referred to as “time lag”。
1. The correct position of the machine
Whether standing, sitting or kneeling, the correct position for holding the aircraft should be:
(1) the handshake position on the side of the camera with the right hand, with the index finger touching the door button to be ready for any shot。
(2) hold the camera in the bottom of the plane with the left hand and hold the camera with the thumb and index finger。
(3) the arms close to the body, keep as close as possible to the body as they can to the natural downside. Never raise your shoulders. It is difficult to stabilize the camera because of the fatigue of the shoulder joints as a result of the long-term filming of the shoulder-stamped position。
(4) when photographing a vertically holding camera, the left hand is generally present at the bottom, the right hand is above, and the left arm is attached to the body。
2. Attention when standing or sitting
(1) when a stand-up photograph is made, the feet may be narrow, or the previous step-by-step approach may be used to level the weight of the body to the feet. It is better to rely on fixed objects, such as back to the trunk or wall。
(2) the sit-down photo stability is already high, but it can be used to further stabilize the body. Reliance on the back or table of the chair is a good option。
Three. Take care when you're on your knees
The left foot should be bowed on the knees, the right foot on the floor, and the left hand on the bottom of the plane should be held on the left foot of the bow. In general, it is more difficult to shoot on the knees, and it is desirable to rely on fixed objects such as trees, walls, etc。
4. The importance of camera belts
Put the camera around the wrist, hold it around the mouth of the tiger and tighten it tight again with a thumb through the lap, so that the camera and the right hand can be combined, not only to reduce the tremors of the hand, but also to hold the camera in the event of an inadvertent release, without causing damage to the ground。
Use of light
The photo is an art product of light and shadow, and the light is called the soul of photography. To get a good picture, you can't lose control of the critical element of light。
1. Nature of light
(1) direct light
In clear weather, where the sun is not projected directly to the exposed through any cover, the light reaches a bright tone, and the non-direct light creates a clear shadow, known as the “direct light”. Under “direct light”, exposure to light and protection from light can be very clear contrasts, and can therefore easily generate a stereotic sense。
When the sun is covered by thin clouds, the sun will continue to flow through the clouds, and the resulting contrast of light will be reduced and well suited to human photography。
(2) dispersive light
In the dark, the sun is overshadowed by clouds and cannot be projected directly to the target, but can only be exposed to the target through an intermediate medium or by reflection, and light produces dispersive effects, such as “dispersible light”. The light-scattered and shaded surfaces are less visible, the contrasts are weaker and the change in the light is smoother, and the effects are therefore relatively modest。
The "direct light" produces a sharper contrast of light, resulting in thicker shadows, less modulations, and a harder image line and image. The "dispersible light" produces less contrasting light, so the shadows are lighter and the tunes are more varied, resulting in softer, softer image lines and agglomerations. So the photographer should choose the appropriate light according to different circumstances。
2. Different directions of light projection
Photos of the same scenery, with different effects from light projected in different directions。
(1) shining
From behind the camera, the light that goes to the target is called "slow light". The “slow light” lighting is characterized by the fact that the majority of the subjects are directly exposed to light, the shadow area is small and the object's tone is clearer. This light is formed with a weaker contrast, and the object's stereotic sense is largely not reflected in light, but in its own ups and downs. As a result, the stereo feeling is weak。
(2) front side light
The light from the left or right rear of the camera to the target is called "front side light". The lighted objects are mostly subject to light and produce large bright surfaces, so the tone is bright, and the area where the object is not shadowed by light is not too large, but it can be shown to have a clear and dark distribution of the object and a stereotype. Such light allows for both the retention of a relatively sharper tone and the presentation of the stereotypic form of the target。
(3) sidelight
The light from the left or right side of the camera is called "sidelight". It gives light to half of the target, while the other half is in the shadows and facilitates the rise and fall of the object。
As light on the side increases the area of the object's shadow, the image is not as bright and dark as it is produced by light and front-side light, but not too dark. Stereotypes will perform better。
(4) side reverse light
The light from the camera's left front or right front is called "side reverse light". It gives the object a small part of the light and a large part of the shadow, so the tone is dim. This method of lighting can produce a more stereotic sense of light on the object, but remains weak。
(5) reverse light
“reverse light” is the light that is fired from behind the target and towards the camera. The majority of the subjects are in shadow. Because the light is weaker, the stereotic sense is weaker and the tone is dim. However, “reverse light” can be used to map the side and contours of the object, and it can also reveal the mass and shape of the object and clearly show the line of the object. The use of “reverse light” in clear weather creates a strong contrast。
(6) top light
The light comes from above the target. Sunlight in the daytime is a good example. The “toplight” often casts powerful shadows on the target, and if it is used for human photography, it is dark under the nose, eyes, jaws, etc。
(7) underground light
The light source of the "bottom light" is below the recipient. This light is less common in everyday life experience, and therefore has strange and dramatic effects and is less applied in general photography settings。
3. Differing light
"reverse" refers to the "most bright" and "most dark" tone on the target. The so-called "reverse power" refers to the large difference between the brightest part of the light on the body and the darkest part of the body, and the extreme variability and contrast between the brightest and darkest transformation processes. Relatively, "reverse weakness" means that the brightest part is not much different from the darkest part, and that the shift from the brightest to the darkest is very smooth and very colourful。
Iii. Composition of photography
The map is the process of dealing with relationships between people, scenes and objects in the limited space of the photograph and of placing them in the best position in the picture to form a specific structure of the image。
The most important purpose of the mapping is to highlight and highlight the subject matter, while at the same time putting the cumbersome, secondary elements in the right line. A good image makes the photos look even, stable, comfortable, regular, and directs the view to the subject point. Inappropriately designed, there will be problems of disarray, imbalance, top-heavy and, because of too many themes, loss of visual focus。
Note by the secretariat
In order to get a good picture, the following should be noted:
(1) photos should not be too monotonous, otherwise they would appear to be illusory. But it should not be too complicated, because otherwise it would be confusing。
(2) to select the appropriate background. A good background helps not only shape the theme and highlight the main actor, but also enriches the picture and adds colour to the image。
(3) to understand the relationship between human beings, scenes and objects in the photographs and to organize them in such a way as to effectively express the subject matter and avoid situations in which there is a vagaries。
(4) a comparison of the colours of the scenery is to be considered. Visible contrasts help to highlight themes, but in the case of confusion of colours, they are counterproductive。
(5) to master the angle of light exposure and the resulting shadows, they influence the colour and effects of photographs。
(6) increased use of layers of lighting, visualization, overlap and photocopying, which will help to increase the 3d sense in the picture on the plane。
Two, make different images at different angles
Most of the objects are stereo-based, and they appear in many ways. There are front, side, back, top and bottom. The same object, the different angles of which are taken, gives the picture a variety of shape effects. It is therefore important to select different locations, to observe and compare objects at different angles, from which to find the best, most expressable subject and most vivid point of view, in order to find the most appropriate structure。
(1) heads shot。
Positive photography is one of the most common angles of photography. A head shot can produce a solemn, smooth image effect. But smooth lines and symmetrical structures can also appear stylish because of a lack of insight. And in many cases, because of the similarity of the object's exposure, it is not possible to highlight the 3d sense of the object。
(2) side shot。
The original parallel line on the image was turned into an oscillation with a slanted photo angle, with a deep-seated sense that would lead the human eye to the depth and enhance the stereotic sense. And the sight follows the slopes, and the picture becomes vivid. There will also be interesting changes in the perceiving effects of the slopes。
(3) visualization。
Visualization refers to photography at an angle above the slope, which is used mostly for high-rise scenery. Such an angle can capture both the panorama of the high scenery and the sense of perpendicular convergence of lines on the ground. It also highlights the high-profile characteristics of the object and increases the sense of pressure。
(4) overlooking filming。
Overlooking is from top to bottom. Porning at high places can capture a wide range of scenery, so it is often used in wide-angle view photography. The use of over-vision photography in human photography can have a dramatic effect on the protagonist。
3. “triple method” of the diagram
The "triple" was proposed by greek mathematicians. Photographers use them in their pictures, which often produce many happy photographs. This is done by dividing the image into an average of nine squares of the same size with two lines and two lines. The theme is taken at the intersection of the line and the line。
The “triple approach” can be applied to any person or object。
Background and future options
Differences in context or outlook and themes in colour, shape, line, quality, clarity and dichotomy can create contrasts and serve to highlight themes。
(1) a simple and simple background。
A simple background does not take the place of the subject and facilitates its prominence. But it's too simple and too monotonous background to make the pictures too rigid。
(2) avoiding a disruptive background。
The tumultuous background makes the picture look very confusing, and even worse it makes it impossible to tell what the theme is。
(3) avoiding too many people and things。
If there were too many people and objects for the future, it would be difficult to highlight the subject and would seriously undermine the overall effects of the photographs。
Basic patterns of photographic imagery
(1) structure balanced and smooth
Balance is balance. It's different from symmetry. This is not a picture of the shapes, numbers, sizes, rankings of the two sides, but of the same or similar shapes, numbers, sizes that give people visual stability. It is a balance of calls in different shapes and numbers, and it is a balance of art that utilizes the patterns of vision and visual habits of near and far, near and far. Of course, symmetrical balance is also included。
The equation, which gives people a sense of calm and peace, but which is not absolutely symmetrical, is the form used by photographers in the picture, and equilibrium is one of the basic requirements of the picture。
The key to developing a balanced picture is to select the points of equilibrium (the balancers). What's the balance? This is to be found in terms of the artistic effects, so long as the position is appropriate, small objects can be balanced with larger objects, distant objects can be balanced with near objects, moving objects can be balanced with quiet objects, and low objects can be equally balanced with high objects. Use this artistic skill to practice and learn。
(2) breaking the balance
With the development and progress of society, some new-tide photographers believe that equilibrium is less stimulating, does not reflect the pace and characteristics of life in the new era, advocates the breaking of the balance and, in practice, produces some unbalanced works. We call these works non-balanced. Life is diverse and real life is balanced and uneven. Where content needs and creative intent needs, forms are optional。
Unbalanced maps are characterized by instability, disharmony, tension and instability. The image of the scenery is more than ideal; the psychological responses are used to express the irritating moods, uncoordinated moves or inconsistent attention and different expressions of expression have advantages; and the display of the cruelty of war, revolutionary storms, bad scenes, etc. Can achieve good visual effects。
(3) framework
The framework is designed to frame the theme with some perspective. There are often branches, arches, decorated bars and hall doors. Such a map naturally focuses on the theme and helps to highlight it. On the other hand, well-focused borders, while attractive, may be opposed to the subject. The use of frame maps is therefore often coupled with the regulation of the optical circle and the depth of the landscape, so that the surroundings of the subject matter are clear or defunct and so that people naturally focus on the subject。
(4) arcular triangle
A straight-angle triangle is typically a straight-angle side of a vertical side of the picture with a triangle at the bottom of the triangle. Most of these images are focused on the direction of the taken. The direction or direction of the object should be to the side of the triangle, leaving room for the front of the object or the direction of the object to give way。
Angular triangulations, which can be used in banners or vertical images, are characterized by vertical straight lines showing the height of the scene, a sense of stability and stability at the bottom, and a sense of motion, with the dual advantages of a positive triangle and a reverse triangulation, as well as by flexibility and flexibility on the right and right sides, which are popular with photographers。
The euphoria of the straight-angle triangle is also shown by the short or short vertical length of the bottom-side length, which can be used as long as one of the three angles can form a straight angle。
(5) circle diagram
The circle is the center of the picture, the center of the vision. The circle figure looks like a group word, expressed in a diagram, forming a circle in the right center of the picture。
A circle map, in addition to the form in which a circular object expresses its circle, actually has many scenarios in which it can express its unity, both in form and in will. When many people sign around a hero's model, many children and young people listen to stories from older people, little friends play around in circles, etc., they can choose to use circles。
The circle map gives people a sense of solidarity and does not feel loose, but it is a model that is not sufficiently dynamic, lacks impact and lacks anger。
(6) s-shaped
S-shaped is actually a bar curve, but this curve is a regular fixed curve. S-shapeds have the virtues of curves, beauty and dynamism and rhyme. At the same time, the reader's vision moves deeper and deeper with the shape of s, which is a powerful expression of the spatial and deep sense of the scene。
S-shaped maps are vertically and horizontally, with vertically visible scenes that are far-reaching and horizontally broad. The s diagram focuses on the overall image of the online strip, which is closely tied to the tone, rather than on the intrinsic link or echo of the landscape。
The s-shaped map is the most suitable view to express itself as a curvature. In natural wind photography, bending rivers, curvatures in courtyards, lamb intestines, etc. Can be selected, in large-scale photography, in queued shopping, parades, etc., and in night shoots, in runaway street lights, car lights, etc。
(7) crust
The cross is a vertical cross of a vertical line with a horizontal line. It gives people a sense of calm, dignity, seriousness, maturity, mystery and health. Because the crucifixes are the crucifixes of the church, the red cross in the medical sector, and so forth, they create a sense of mystery。
Cross-construction maps are not appropriate for lengths such as vertical lines, which are generally shorter and shorter, nor are they appropriate for dichotomy points, especially vertical lines, which are generally slightly longer than the first half and the second half of the shorter lines. Because the two lines are of the same length and are given a sense of symmetry, the absence of omission and movement weakens their performance。
The scenes of the crucifixes are not always the crosses of two simple vertical lines, but are all crosses of the same kind. For example, the head and the upper body can be seen as vertical vertical lines, and the right shoulder can be considered as crosslines; the structure of the building is high and horizontal. It can also be said that any person who can visually form a cross image may choose to use a cross。
Aperture, fast doors, focus, depth
The control of exposure depends mainly on the size of the radium and the speed of the fast doors. To learn to shoot manually, you have to learn to match the optics with the fast door。
1. Exposure and aperture relationship
The optical circle is a hole in the camera lens that can change size. It controls the amount of light entering the lens. While other factors remain the same, the larger the arcade, the greater the amount of light that enters through the lens. It's like the window in the room, the bigger it is, the more light comes in。
The value of the aperture is usually expressed as a f-stop value, noting that the larger the f-stop value, the smaller the aperture. For example, f16 is smaller than f8。
When the speed of the fast doors remains constant, the size of the halo determines the brightness and darkness of the photograph. It's too big, it's too exposed, and it's all white. The aperture is too small, the exposure is low, the picture is dark。
2. The relationship between exposure and fast doors
The gate is the gate that controls the light. The higher the speed of the fast doors, the less light enters through the lens, while other factors remain constant. And vice versa. It is equivalent to the length of the window opening。
Both the optical circle and the fast door control exposure, and their combination is the main factor in controlling exposure and influences each other. If the optical circle is reduced to one level (e. G. From f/4 to f/5. 6), the speed of the fast doors is doubled (e. G. From 1/60 to 1/30), their exposure is the same。
3. Importance of focus
Focus is the process by which the focus of the lens is adjusted to make the image the clearest by pointing it at the target. Only the correct focus image can be clear, otherwise the image is vague。
4. The relationship of the view to the radium, distance, focal length
Deep is what we want to film, deep is the depth of clarity. When the lens is focused on the target, this should be visible on the ccd light element. It can also be more clearly recorded within a certain range, which is depth。
The larger the view, the greater the clarity of the landscape. The smaller the view, the smaller the clarity of the landscape。
The three main elements of the picture are:
(1) aperture: the more the lens is smaller and the deeper the view is, and vice versa。
(2) distance: the closer the lens focal length and the optical circle, the smaller the view, the greater the view。
(3) focal length: the shorter the lens focus, the greater the view, at constant distance and in the optical circle. That is, the lens is deep, the lens is small。
