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Basic knowledge of safe production
What's safe production
Safe production: in the course of the labour process, efforts are being made to improve working conditions, overcome insecurity, prevent accidents, and ensure that the production is carried out in a manner that ensures the safety of workers and the safety of state property and the lives and property of the people。
This includes two aspects of security:
1. Physical security. (including workers themselves and associated personnel)
2. Security of equipment. Work safety: a series of activities aimed at achieving safe production。
Guidelines for safe production
Safety first
Prevention takes precedence
Integrated governance
Staff security duties
1. Comply with the provisions of the equipment maintenance system。
2. Self-fulfillment of safety regulations and labour discipline。
3. Care and proper use of machinery, equipment, tools and proper wearing of protective gear。
4. Concerned about safe production, make proposals for rationalization to the relevant leadership or department。
5. Incident hazards and insecurity are identified and reported to organizations or authorities in a timely manner。
Work-related accidents involve the timely rescue of the wounded, the protection of the site, reporting to the leadership and assisting in investigations。
7. Learning and masteringSecurity knowledgeAnd skills, mastery of the work and safety protocols。
Actively participating in various security activities, entrenching the concept of “security first” and self-protection。
9. The right to refuse to direct and order risky operations and to be responsible for the safe production of individuals。
Your right to safe production
1. The right to be trained in security before entering the workforce。
2. Right to know and advise on safe production。
3. The right to criticize, prosecute and sue for security management。
4. Rejects the right to operate in violation of regulations and orders to take risks。
Suspension and evacuation rights in case of emergency。
6. Right to occupational injury insurance and compensation for injury or injury。
Your safe production duty
Compliance, compliance, control
Proper wearing and use of labour protection items
Training in safe production skills
Timely reporting of accidents
Safe production of “triple treasures”: helmets, seat belts, safety nets。
No harm, i. E. No harm, no harm, no harm, no harm。
Three violations: violation of regulations, violation of command and violation of labour discipline。
4. Three: no violations by individuals, no risks to their positions and no accidents in their ranks。
5. Level iii security education: new entrants must undergo security education at the project department, in the operating unit and in the class, respectively, and must pass the test to qualify for entry。
6. At the same time, safe sanitation facilities must be designed in conjunction with the main works, constructed and put into operation。
The “four nos” principle in dealing with safety accidents: the cause of the accident is not known, those responsible for the accident are not dealt with seriously, the workers in general are not educated and protective measures are not implemented。
In production, “five parallels” must be observed: planning, setting, checking, evaluating and evaluating production must be accompanied by planning, setting, inspecting, summarizing and evaluating safety。
Six major disciplines for safe production
1. Access to the scene shall be by wearing a helmet, wearing a cap and wearing a cap and using labour protection items correctly。
2. Work is suspended at heights of more than two metres, and safety belts and safety hooks must be worn when there are no safe facilities。
3. When operating in high places, objects such as materials and tools are not allowed to be thrown at the bottom。
4. All types of electromechanical equipment must have a reliable, secure site and mine-protective device to be operational。
5. The use and manipulation of electromechanical equipment is strictly prohibited by persons who do not know about electrical appliances and machinery。
6. The non-operators of the suspension area are strictly prohibited from entering and are not allowed to stand below the pole。
It's not safe
1. Access to the construction site is not permitted without a helmet。
2. No safety nets or seat belts are allowed for high-altitude operations。
3. High heels, slippers and barefoot are not allowed to work。
4. No drinking during working hours and no homework after drinking。
5. Materials used in high-altitude operations are not permitted to be dropped at random。
Power switches are not allowed to use more than one gate。
Mechanical equipment is not allowed to operate with disease。
Mechanical equipmentSafetyThe device is not perfect and is not allowed to be used。
9. The crane was not commanded and could not see the landing point。
10. Smoking is prohibited in the fire-free zone。
Our national security color
The security colour is the colour used to convey the meaning of security information such as prohibitions, warnings, instructions, tips, etc. Its role is to enable people to quickly discover and distinguish safety signs, to alert people to safety and to prevent accidents. Our national security standards state four colours, red, yellow, blue and green. At the same time, it is stipulated that the safe colour must be kept within a certain colour and must not fade, change or be contaminated to avoid confusion with other colours and to create misperceptions。
Definition of safe colour
Red: it is visible that people are psychologically excited and irritating, that red light waves are long, that they are not easily dispersed by dust fog, and that they are easily identifiable in more distant places, that is to say, that red is highly visible and highly visual. So it means danger, prohibition, cessation. For banning signs. Emergency stop handles or buttons on machinery and equipment, as well as prohibited parts, are usually red and sometimes indicate fire protection。
2. Blue: blue is not well visible and visualized, but the use of white in combination is significant, especially in solar light. So it is selected as the colour with the sign, which is to be observed。
3. Yellow: the stripes formed with black are the most visual colours that attract particular attention and are therefore selected as warning colours, meaning warnings and attention. Such as hazardous machinery and cordon inside the plant, mid-line in the driveway, helmets, etc。
4. Green: despite being too visible and visual, green is a symbol of fresh, young and young life, with psychological effects such as peace, perpetuity, growth and security, so the green hint of security information means a reminder that it is safe or accessible. Safe passages within the workshop, pedestrian and vehicle traffic signs, fire protection equipment and other safety protection equipment are marked green。
Main sources of hazard and response measures
Slides, landslides
1. To adjust the slope ratio in time for digging in accordance with soil conditions and to slow the slope ratio to a stable state。
2. Observe the ramp。
3. Not to stay in dangerous areas。
4. Note the signs of the collapse of the slopes。
5. The helmet must be worn。
Safe electricity
Power is strictly prohibited for non-electricians。
2. All electrical appliances shall be inspected for failure of electrical power and for the soundness of the site. All electrical appliances shall pass through the leak shield, which shall be sensitive and reliable。
3. High-quality cable lines shall be used and the use of rubber wires shall be strictly prohibited。
4. The binding of cable cables with electrical materials such as zaz is prohibited。
All electrical switches shall be marked for use and those responsible。
6. Learning about electrocutionFirst aid knowledgeI don't know。
Vehicle injuries
1. Traffic safety is particularly important in the construction offices of the ministry of project services, which are close to county towns and state roads。
2. Traffic regulations-compliant vehicle safety facilities are in good condition and light。
Multiple persons should walk in columns rather than in rows。
Commuting vehicles shall not be packed, overmanned or overpaced。
Mechanical injuries
1. Mechanical maintenance is carried out on time and in strict accordance with operational procedures. Pre-work inspections should be carried out in a reliable manner with all the protections in place, in particular the external shield for the generator's moving component, the handle switch for the cutter, etc。
2. The use of gloves in equipment with rotary parts is strictly prohibited, and the passage through fat clothing is strictly prohibited from stopping within the circular radius of the excavator。
Heavy injuries
1. All lifting equipment must be certified and documented prior to installation。
The lifting equipment shall be subject to a special inspection prior to its use, and the competent rear shall be allowed to use the crane operator and the lifting officer shall be certified to take up duty after specialized training。
3. Steel cords and thongs shall be inspected on each shift, and no person shall remain under the lifting until the crane has been secured。
The crane driver shall be subject to a parking signal from any person。
5. The mixing of human cargo is strictly prohibited within the cage。
Object strike
1. Simultaneous operations are strictly prohibited unless there are reliable protective measures。
2. Access to work must be made by wearing a helmet and wearing a hood。
3. Miscellaneous items on scaffolds shall be cleaned up in a timely manner and all works shall be carried in bags and shall be strictly prohibited from being thrown unless there are reliable safety precautions。
♪ falling high ♪
High-level operations: all operations carried out at heights above the falling base 2 m are referred to as high-level operations divided into first-level high-level operations: 2-5m; second-level, 5-15m; third-level, 15-30m; fourth-level, over 30m。
Key response measures:
First, security should be secured, such as security fences, springboards and safety nets。
2. In the event of imperfection of the above-mentioned facilities, the seat belt shall be fastened and its proper mosaic shall be high and low。
3. The body shall meet the requirements and persons suffering from unsuited conditions such as hypertension, low blood sugar and epilepsy shall be strictly prohibited from operating on high shelves。
Fire
1. Fire operations are strictly prohibited and must be carried out with the approval of the department of construction management and the department of safety and production, with the exclusive supervision of a person, and without the immediate end of the operation, welding shall not be carried out simultaneously on a vertical side, oxygen and acetylene bottles shall be stored in a state-of-the-art, and shall not be exposed to tan, with a margin of more than 5m for the two bottles, and with the presence of explosive substances in the lower part of the operation at a distance of 10m or more for the fire。
2. In the event of a fire, the fire shall be immediately rescued and the ministry of safety and production and the department of construction management shall be alerted to the fire escape technique。
How do you secure your high ground
1. Protective supplies shall be worn as required. In the case of soft-shoes, helmets, seat belts; seat belts should be high and low-used and not fit in leather shoes or plastic hard-floor shoes。
2. It is prohibited to use ladders that are not smooth or glazing. At the top of the ladder, there should be strong or dedicated escalators。
3. The scaffolding used for elevation shall be in accordance with the regulations. Before it is used, it is necessary to check for fractures, hold it in balance and tie it with ropes。
4. Be careful whether scaffolds are strong, robust and balanced. All floors must be fenced, with good support up and down, to ensure safety。
5. Safety nets must be in place under high-level operations. Construction that is unprotected must be carried out with a fixed safety net at 4-6 metres, with a fixed safety net every 12 metres (four floors) and a safety net that follows a wall-by-wall escalation。
6. Before operating or walking on the ceilings and light roofs, they must be fitted with springboards or safety nets beneath them。
7. In the winter, when working in high places in cold areas, it is necessary to prevent slips of ice from pouring water on the aisles and scaffolds。
8. The crew on scaffolds must leave immediately in the event of heavy thunderstorms or heavy cloud cover at high altitudes。
On-site first aid knowledge
Emergency accident
1. In case of accidental injury, do not panic, maintain calm and maintain order on the ground。
2. In general, the wounded are not easily moved under life-threatening conditions。
3. For the time being, no drink or food shall be given to the sick or wounded。
4. In the event of an accident when there is no one on the scene, a call should be made out to the surroundings for help or to try to contact the authorities and not leave the wounded and sick unattended。
5. Immediately report to the relevant authorities the scene of the accident, the number of wounded and sick, the condition of the injury and the treatment thereof。
6. Relief of the sick according to their condition, heavy, quick, slow, close and far。
7. Rapid manual rescue of the sick and wounded who are suffocated and have difficulty breathing。
8. In the case of persons with stable injuries, rapid transfers were made to the hospital。
Rescue on the ground must be subordinated to the leadership and must not be fragmented。
Emergency emergency
1. The most important thing is to move quickly. Quick and right to remove the electrocutor from the power source, quick and correct first aid. Time is for life。
2. The main methods of emergency care applied in the field of electrocution are artificial respiration and ecstasy。
Artificial respiration
Artificial respiration is best performed through oral respiration. Tighten the nostrils of the electrocutors, breathe into their mouths for about two seconds after taking a deep breath, immediately leave their mouths after blowing, and release the nostrils of the electrocutors and let them breathe for three seconds and 12 times a minute。
The outside heart squeeze
1. The ambulance kneels on the side of the electrocutor or on both sides of his waist, folds his hands together, places his hands above the heart of the wounded, under his chest, squeezes his hands vertically down, crushes the blood inside his heart, then breaks loose quickly, the chest recovers, and the blood is filled with the heart 60 times a minute。
Once both the breathing and the heart beating have ceased, there should be both oral-to-mouth artificial respiration and ecstasy. If only one person was rescued at the scene, the two methods could be used interchangeably, two to three times each blow and 10 to 15 times more. The rescue must be sustained and must not end lightly, nor can it be stopped while it is being transported。
Summer first aid
1. Summer is an acute disease caused by high temperatures and sun。
2. In the aftermath of the summer, symptoms of dizziness, headaches, physical incapacitation, thirst, palpitation, nausea, vomiting, etc., occur and suddenly faint when severe. Summer can be divided into premonitions of heat, mild and severe heat。
3. The method of emergency relief in the middle of the summer is to allow patients to leave the high-temperature environment immediately, to move to a cold ventilated place to rest, to undress their clothes and to pose in a calm position, while allowing patients to drink more salty drinks. In the case of premonitioned heaters, no special treatment can be given to restore normality. In the case of patients with severe heat conditions, they are immediately referred to a hospital for rescue。
First aid
1. Excavate the wounded immediately, be careful not to be injured again, be light, precise and quick, and not to pull forcibly. If all are buried, the head of the wounded should be exposed as soon as possible, and the nose and nose of mud and stones, blood clots, and clothing strips should be removed for breathing purposes。
2. Placing the wounded to one side of their head and preventing vomit from blocking their breathing。
Hemorrhages are washed with strips of blood and clean water and covered with clean towels to prevent infection。
4. The fracture shall be fixed by a plywood or substitute. 5. Respiration stops with artificial mouth-to-mouth breathing。
6. If the heartbeat stops, presses the heart outside the chest。
7. The removal of the wounded should be smooth and avoid inversion and distortion. Early blood transfusions and fluid transfusions when available。
High altitude emergency
1. Removal of equipment and hardware from the pockets of the wounded。
2. In the course of removal and transfer, the neck and torso cannot be bowed or reversed, but the spine should be stretched straight and a lifting of the leg by shoulder should be absolutely prohibited in order to avoid or increase the paralysis。
3. The trauma is duly wrapped in part, but the alleged skull fractures and brain leaks are impregnated in order to avoid internal infections。
4. In the first instance, the victim should keep his or her face open and his or her neck and chest buttons loose。
5. Combination injuries require flat-beding, open airways and unbuttoned。
6. Surrounded vascular injuries, oppression of more than one artery to the bone. Placing thick dressing directly on the wound, bandaged with pressure, is appropriate for the absence of blood and does not affect the circulation of body blood and is often effective。
7. Rapid and smooth hospital treatment。
Firefield first aid
1. A new location should first be familiar with the environment and the location of the safe passage and fire-fighting facilities. Don't panic after a fire, call the police and save the fire, and save yourself. If an initial fire, fire extinguisher or wet cover is used to separate the source of the fire; if the fire is too big or the fire is not in your house, if the door is hot, it can't be opened, let alone jump, if it's urgent. The bathroom is the best place to survive, either by snuck out of the window, or by wetting the walls and doors。
2. The cleaning of baggage and valuables shall not be delayed. You can't walk straight when there's smoke. When the fire rises with smoke, it should crawl on the ground to avoid smoking and poisoning. There should be a fire on the ground and shoes on. If there is fire on your body, do not run, take off your clothes quickly, or lie on the ground and put out the flame。
Inundation first aid
If there are ropes, wooden boards or other objects that are not easy to sink, they may be thrown to the drowning person and then dragged to shore; and if the swimming technique is better, it can quickly go around his back, grab his hair or grab his armpit and save the drowning person from the water by swimming on his back。
When rescued to the ground, he lays him down, removes his belts and removes mud and weeds from his nose and mouth, etc., in order to ensure a smooth breathing path. Timely water control is also important. The rescuer kneels on his one-legged, half-legged, with the drowning person's head down and his belly on his knee, so that the lungs and stomach may be drained, or the drowning person may be carried. On the shoulder, the abdomen's shoulder peaks, and the movement of water at a fast pace can also provide some artificial respiration. Water control should not take too long, especially when the water control is not clearly effective, other first aid measures should be taken as a matter of urgency. For example, artificial respiration is performed on the one hand, and external heart pressure on the other, and the two are coordinated (30 times and 2 times), preferably in conjunction with two persons. If the drowning person closes his teeth, he can also respirate artificially from mouth to mouth. – nose, but in any way, it should be sustained. As a significant number of drownings are in a state of “false death” at this time, the hope of being rescued remains high. The rescue shall be carried out in situ so as not to be delayed by the hospital, and the doctor shall be contacted as soon as possible. Doctors, when appropriate, use the medications and respiratives during rescue, which often help to correct respiratory failure as quickly as possible。
