The three elements of fire safety escape, i. E., high temperature or hot source fire, electric sparks, high-temperature oxygen in the oxygen air, such as heat source oxygen that can ignite flammable materials, are the main causes of domestic fire, as are the common causes of burning material fires, such as burning paper, wood, textiles, chemicals, etc., that are necessary for a continuous combustion response. Fires caused by unsuspensed smokers are often dumped near flammable substances or smoked in their beds. Electrical short circuits and the ageing of irregular electrical wires, overloading of electricity, and the disruption of private power lines can cause electrical fires. Damage to skin tissue caused by fatal burns resulting from the unsafe use of heating equipment fires, poisoning from toxic gases and asphyxiation from smoke, were among the most serious physical injuries in the fires. Damages to the structure of houses, burning of furniture and scrapping of electrical equipment, and economic losses from fires, are often devastating. The harmful gases resulting from the burning of environmental damage pollute the air, the water used for fire suppression may contaminate the soil and water sources, and the impact of fires on the ecological environment is profound. The main causes of death from socially influenced fires are smoke and toxic gas studies, which show that about 80 per cent of deaths from fires are not direct burning, but suffocation or poisoning by inhalation of toxic smoke. The smoke contains highly toxic substances such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, and several breaths can be fatal. As a result, smoke prevention is more critical in flight than fire protection. Chapter ii on fire prevention is better than disaster relief. By developing good fire electricity habits, installing the necessary safety equipment and having the right knowledge of fire prevention, we can significantly reduce the probability of fires occurring and create a safe living environment for families. Family fire point 1 regularly inspects electrical circuits every six months, inspects electrical wires, plugs and switches at home, and detects ageing, broken and timely replacement. (c) avoiding the unwieldy use of wires, which are not overloaded and are not collusive. The fire must be closed before leaving the kitchen. Regular clean-up of oil pollution from gas and stoves to prevent fires caused by oil accumulation. In the bedroom, it is prohibited to smoke in bed from the open fire, and not to use fire equipment such as candles and alcohol stoves. Warmers must be at least 1 metre away from flammable materials such as beds, curtains, etc. No fire, no fireworks, no firecrackers, no matches, lighters, etc. Fireworks and fireworks are strictly prohibited outside the permitted area, even if they are to be set free and secure. The installation of smoke alarms on each floor with at least one smoke alarm outside all bedrooms must be installed in the vicinity of the kitchen, but closed spaces, such as basements and attics, more than 3 metres from the stove, must also be equipped with regular maintenance to check that the alarm function is regularly replaced every year by a test button, and it is recommended that a fixed date be chosen to form a customary alarm with a normal useful life of 10 years, and that studies of the timely replacement of new equipment due to expiration show that the survival rate of families with smoke alarms in fires has increased by more than 50 per cent. This simple device could save the lives of entire families at a critical time. The preparation of domestic fire extinguishers and the referral of families using 01 suitable fire extinguishers to the use of abc dry powder extinguishers, which can extinguish solid, liquid and electrical fires, have a wide scope of application. Capacity suggests a choice of 3-5 kg, which is easy to operate. The critical position 02 is equipped with a kitchen, one in each garage and at least one in each floor. In accessible locations, the whole family knows the location. The pressure sheet is checked regularly to ensure that it is in a green area. 03 the p. A. S. S. Fire extinguisher p-pull unplugged the safety; a-aim aimed at the roots of the flame, not the flame; s-squeeze pressed his handle hard; and s-sweep strafed the whole area of combustion. 04 take care that security matters only extinguish the initial fire, which is larger, and withdraw immediately; stand in the upper wind position and maintain a safe distance of 2-3 metres; confirm that the fire has been extinguished to prevent a recurrence; and replenish or replace it in a timely manner after use. In mastery of p. A. S. S., at this critical moment, the four simple steps are remembered: pull's bid, aim, squieze's pressure, sweep's fire. It is recommended that families conduct regular fire extinguishers exercises so that each member can operate with proficiency to ensure that real fires do not panic. In the case of the third chapter of the fire, when an emergency response fire breaks out, gold often escapes for only a few minutes. The right emergency response can significantly increase the chances of survival. This chapter will provide a detailed description of standard processes and scientific escape techniques following the discovery of fires. What's the first time you find a fire? Call 911 immediately for details of the address, the location of the fire, the size of the fire and whether anyone was trapped. Stay calm and listen to the dispatcher. The family was promptly reminded to evacuate and shout to wake the family and press the fire alarm. The knock reminded neighbours, especially the elderly and children. The fire was assessed and tried to extinguish only the initial fire in safety. If the fire cannot be controlled, immediately abandon the fire and opt for escape. Remember: life always comes first. If the fire has spread, do not try to save your property, and immediately evacuate to safety. Nothing is more important than precious life. The temperature test of the door temperature prior to flight touched the doorknob with the back of the hand. The back skin is more sensitive to avoid burning the whole hand. The upper part of the inspection door is touched on the upper half of the door and the frame of the door with the back of the hand, the hot air rises and the upper part becomes hot. The decision whether to open the door if the door is hot or the hand of the hand, or if the door is sewn with smoke indicates that the fire outside is so intense that it cannot be opened. The other route is hot for other exits, such as windows, balcony. Block the door with a wet towel to prevent smoke from entering. This simple test could save your life. Opening the door has the potential to plunge the room into fire at short notice because of the rapid influx of high-temperature smoke in the corridors. Escape techniques: inhalation of a small amount of toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide and cyanide, may be unconscious when the high amount of smoke in the smoke from the fire is present in the low-profile movement. Air close to the ground at 30-60 cm is relatively fresh and oxygen-intensive. Wet towels cover mouths and noses with wet towels folding four to eight layers to filter some smoke and toxic gases. In the absence of towels, replacing them with wet clothes, pillowcases, etc., would have worked well. Quick withdrawals maintain low postures and move fast along walls and do not stand up and run. Remember the route, don't get lost. Upon arrival in the stairwell, the speed of escape is accelerated. It is prohibited to use elevator escape elevators for fatally dangerous power outage risks in fires: the power system may be disrupted at any time in the event of a fire, the elevators are stopped and people are trapped in narrow spaces to escape the chimney effect: the elevator wells are like vertical chimneys, the smoke and heat are rising rapidly, concentrations are extremely high, access to the elevators is tantamount to entering a gas chamber with high temperature variations: the elevator doors and wells may be deformed at high temperatures, even if they reach the floors, and the right choice for a death trap must be a safety stairwell. The stairwells usually have fire doors and are relatively safe. Even if the floor is higher, the stairs must be maintained, which is the only safe escape route. Stairs are the path to life, and elevators are proof of numerous cases of fire traps, and those who choose to escape with elevators often suffer the most tragic consequences. Remember, in all cases, no elevators should be used in fire. It's better to take a few more stairs than to choose this real path of life. The right approach to self-help when trapped in chapter iv, when the escape route is blocked and trapped indoors, can buy valuable relief time. Stay calm, take scientific precautions and wait for firefighters to arrive. What happens when you can't get out? In the first hour, the door was closed immediately with smoke and the door was closed with wet towels, sheets, tape, etc. Even a small gap allows lethal smoke to continue to penetrate. Water at the door is kept wet. 2 step 2: send a distress signal to open the window (do not break in order to close it) and wave out fresh clothes or sheets. Use flashlights, mobile phone flashlights. Call out loud and let the outside people know where you are. 3 step 3: stay away from doors and windows and wait for rescue to retreat to a location close to the window but not to be smoked. If there's a balcony, go back to the balcony and wait. Stay low and avoid over-inhaling. Don't jump off the building, wait for firemen to help. Remember, firefighters will come for you! Stay calm, take the right precautions and stay with the rescue. Historical data show that the survival rate of those who were rightly rescued could be over 90 per cent. What if the clothes are on fire? Stop it now - don't run when the clothes are on fire! Run away makes the fire worse by the wind. Stop right now and stay calm. It's the first priority of self-help. Down, down, down, down, down, down on the ground, with both hands covering the face and the respiratory tract. If it is indoors, it can be dumped on relatively soft ground such as carpets, grasslands, etc. Roll-roll-stand-stand-step-step-step-step-step-step-step-step-step-step-step-step-step-step. It keeps rolling until the flames are completely extinguished. If necessary, cover the fire with blankets and coats. Cold water cools the cool-fire and washes the burns with cold water for 15-20 minutes to cool down and mitigate the damage. Don't rip the clothes on the skin, get to the doctor as soon as possible. Remember: the simple excuse of stop, drop down, roll rolls can save your life in times of crisis。the use of ropes to slow escape can be considered when the stairs and other escape routes are completely blocked and fire relief is temporarily unavailable. This is a self-help approach in extreme cases and requires careful operation. Searching for the best use of professional escape ropes for making ropes. If not, sheets, curtains, etc., may be torn into strips and threads. Multiple connections are closed to death to ensure heavy capacity. 02 the end of the rope is firmly and securely tied to strong furniture (e. G., heating pipes, bed frame) or beams. A few more laps and a knot. Pull it hard, make sure you can take the weight. Protect the body from friction by wearing gloves or wrapping its hands with clothing. Long sleeves to protect skin. If it's a wet sheet, watch out for slips. 04 slowly drops hands on the ropes, sets feet against the wall and moves down a little bit. Don't rush, keep it steady. If the floor is too high, consider going down to the lower level of fire and entering through the window. Warning: rope slow-down risks are extremely high and serve only as a last resort. Under three floors could be considered, the higher floor would be very dangerous and priority should be given to waiting for fire rescue. Do not jump blindly, and historical data show a very high mortality rate. It takes great courage and calmness to operate calmly and to escape safely. Take a deep breath before you operate. Stay calm. If the state of health does not permit (the elderly, children, the wounded) or if the floor is too high, it must wait for professional assistance. Firefighters have specialized equipment and technology that will enable them to complete their rescue safely. The end of the chapter v fire was not a good thing. It is equally important to properly address the legacy of the fire, properly care for the wounded and provide psychological guidance. This chapter describes key issues that require attention in the aftermath of a fire. The fire must not enter until the fire department has confirmed that the fire was completely extinguished and the site is safe. The potential for rekindling of hidden mars and possible collapse of structural damage are deadly threats. Professionals were asked to assess whether structural damage had occurred. The walls, roofs and floors may be reduced in intensity due to high temperatures and are in danger of collapse. Cracks and tilts were found and should be evacuated immediately. Hydraulic and electrical facilities do not open water, electricity and gas on their own. Fires may cause short circuits, gas pipelines to burst and water pipes to burst. The maintenance must be inspected by a professional to be used. The insurance company was contacted to notify the insurance company at the first time and took photographs to record the loss. Maintenance of fire-related documentation. To cooperate with the insurance settlement investigation in order to obtain reasonable compensation. In addition, the community, property and civil affairs departments are contacted in a timely manner to seek assistance in solving problems such as temporary accommodation and material supplies. Don't take it alone, all parts of society will help. The basic burn treatment for injuries immediately washes 15-20 minutes of temperature with liquid cold water and does not freeze, spares the freezing of light removal accessories, watches, etc., and does not puncture water bubbles to cover serious burns with clean cloths. It is difficult to breathe immediately and immediately to remove the injured to fresh air, to keep their necks open and breathe smoothly, to provide oxygen equipment, to provide oxygen side rest, to prevent vomiting from blocking airways and to stop immediate cprs, and to call 120 emergency cprs to remove the haemorrhage from the upper limbs and to reduce bleeding from severe haemorrhagic bleeding. The follow-up effects of burns and smoke inhalation are likely to occur only hours later, and professional medical examinations are necessary. The importance of fire escape exercises is the development of family escape plans, which draw up family plans showing all rooms, doors, windows and stairs. At least two escape routes are planned for each room. Identification of out-of-house assembly points to facilitate the count. A map of the escape is attached to the visible position. The main escape routes and alternative routes that are familiar with multiple escape routes are well remembered. In the dark and in the smoke, practice the routing. Get a look at the stairs, fire passages. Know how to open all the windows and locks. Regular exercises are organized for at least half-yearly family fire drills. Simulate fire scenes and escape according to planned route. Time-tested escape speed and full evacuation within 2 minutes. Focus on children and the elderly. Upgrading emergency response capacity creates muscle memory through repeated exercises, which can respond instinctively to a real fire. Learn to stay calm in darkness and smoke. Problems were identified during the exercise to improve the plan in a timely manner. The whole family works together to improve the overall rate of effective escape. Studies have shown that families who have undergone fire drills have more than 70 per cent more successful escapes from actual fires than families who have not. Exercises are not forms, but life-support. One exercise, and a safe life without a fire to regret not having a drill. Your family escape plan is being prepared today, and the first exercise will take place this weekend. It is the most responsible love for the family that each family member knows exactly what to do when a fire occurs. True case sharing: one case of success in fire escape: a fire in residential buildings in a small district in 2023 among families familiar with escape routes. The family of mr. Wang regularly conducts fire drills and is familiar with two escape routes. At the time of the fire, the main stairs had been blocked by smoke, and they had been evacuated from the alternative corridor, where five members of the family, including 80-year-olds, had fled safely, for less than two minutes. Key factors: regular exercises, alternative routes, family collaboration case two: fire broke out in ms. Zhang's kitchen kitchen, during the initial fire extinguished, she did not panic, but immediately shut down the gas valves, removed the fire extinguishers ready, quickly extinguished the fires in accordance with the p. A. S. S. Methodology, kept the damage to a minimum and avoided a major fire that could spread throughout the building. Key factors: the constant availability of fire extinguishers at home, the correct use of methods and a calm response to these real cases tell us that fire escapes not by luck, but by preparation and training. Behind every successful escape is an adequate sense of security and the right response. Fire safety, with a sense of responsibility to raise awareness of fire, to keep fire safety safe, to develop good habits from fire hazards, to eliminate risk factors around them by learning to escape skills, to develop escape plans to protect themselves and others from family safety at critical times, and to build a safe and secure environment for families
