Burns are caused by thermal, electrical and chemical sources, of which heat burns are most common。
Burn symptoms
(i) partial expression: the three-degree four-point international method divides burns into one, two degrees (two degrees light and two degrees deep), three degrees:
I-degree burns: only the epitome is damaged and local red spots are in pain, usually cured for between three and five days, without scarring. The second degree burns are divided into light and depth ii. Light-level 2 burns: tiring and skins and skins, with local herbs, herb walls, red base tides, visible oedema, severe pain, two weeks ' healing without scarring if no infection occurs. Deep ii burns: tired and solid skin deep, residual skin accessories. The skin is red or pale, the herpes are small, the herpes are thick, the pain is lighter, the infection is prone and usually heals over three to four weeks, forming a scar. (c) third degree burns: deep in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, muscles, bones, etc. The skin is pale and corroded with oedema, without pain. There can be no self-healing, which leaves a scar。
(ii) all-body symptoms: including reduced blood capacity, red cell damage and negative nitrogen balance. When more than 15 per cent of the area has been damaged by adults and more than 10 per cent of the children, it can cause shock due to excessive loss of body fluids. The shock can occur within 24 hours of the burn, the more severe the burns, the longer the shock, and the subsequent symptoms of toxaemia caused by the absorption of the burn tissue, and, in the case of a facial infection, the risk of sepsis. These three scenarios can be mixed and difficult to identify。
(iii) complications: in the process of healing, large-scale burns often result in disfigurement and functional impairment of the joints or in chronic ulcer formation. In the long term, cancer or tumour can occur。
Treatment
Therapeutic principles: protection from secondary infections; prevention of low blood-capacity shock; active resistance to infection, including body and area; promotion of facial healing to minimize scarring; and prevention of functional failure of polyseptics。
I-degree burns are normally applied coldly and do not require special treatment。
The second degree burns are required to be purified under sterile conditions, followed by dressing or exposure. Four limbs and torso are wrapped in a way that leads to the full flow of the original and isolates the alien pathogens in order to protect the original. And after it has been fashioned, a fragrance cloth, with gauze and cotton mats, and bandages. Head burns are exposed to rapid drying of the surface in order to reduce the breeding of pathogens. Appropriate application of painkillers and antibiotics to prevent infection. Tetanus antitoxins should be injected if the contamination is severe。
The local treatment of the third degree burns is the same as the second degree, while the whole body treatment is enhanced, including shock resistance, infection resistance, body resistance and hydrolysis balance. They are protected, trim, or subtracted, and skins are cut in parallel to minimize the formation of scarves. Lee wei ping, among others, reported that increased skin sheeting or pelvis transplantation of the surface with artificial leather templates could treat burn marks or twitching, with better results and no visible trace of the supply zone。
