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On 1 december this year, the 33rd world aids day, our country promoted the theme “partnership against aids and shared responsibility for health”. As of 2019, 960,000 people were reported to be infected and 310,000 deaths were reported nationwide. In the face of aids, the prevention and reduction of transmission are the focus of attention。
The director of the national aids reference laboratory and researcher at the china centers for disease prevention and control emphasized that, although more than 98 per cent of district cdcs and hospitals were covered by aids testing rooms, a large number of infected persons remained undetected throughout the country. Tests lead to early detection of hiv infection and early detection leads to early treatment, extended life and improved quality of life。
Who needs to be tested
There has been a history of high-risk sex, including only one non-conceptive heterosexual or same-sex sex between men, such as having sex between men and men, using no condoms; having sex between men and women, using no condoms; having sex with a person known to be infected with aids, etc., recommending hiv testing every three months。
Spouses or partners of people living with aids, drug users sharing needles with others, persons who pull teeth in informal medical units, tattoos (who may be using equipment without strict disinfection) or persons with sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, sharp hysteria, pre-marriage partners and babies born to aids-infected mothers are tested for aids。
What are the tests
Aids testing begins with the first screening of antibody. If the results of the primary screening are “positive”, further re-diagnostic and corroborative tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis。
Common screening methods include enzyme immuno-sorption experiments, chemical light experiments, immuno-fluorescent experiments and rapid detection experiments. Antigen screening experiments, i. E. Antigen testing based on antibodies testing, can also be used, with windows one week ahead of antibodies only。
Screening results are not final and need to be further verified. Common methods include antibody immunosuppression experiments, strips or linear immunisation tests, and can be confirmed by nucleic acid tests (including quantitative and qualitative tests)。
Where can we detect it
Testing services are available at the voluntary counselling and testing clinics (vcts) at the cdcs and at county level and above, at maternal and child health facilities and at most of the primary level. In addition, a number of higher education institutions have set up self-help urine test kits that can be purchased on their own。
In addition, the chief physician of the integrated urology and urology clinic of the beijing children's hospital reminds me that post-exposure prevention and circumcision are important in reducing the spread of aids. Post-exposure prevention refers to the use of preventive medicine for a maximum of 72 hours after exposure to hiv, as soon as possible。
