Methods and techniques are always just tools, and the passion and gift of the heart is the sword that makes life a wonderful miracle
Mr. Chengjia's learning well: personalKnowledge managementAs a result, the authors have given a complete framework of thinking and operational approaches to knowledge management that is essential to improving the efficiency of technologies such as information gathering and information management。
What is critical knowledge
In the present book, one of the core concepts mentioned by the author is critical knowledge, defined by the author as important and fundamental patterns that can produce fission. I have two understandings
I took the kids to learn the drums, and i was very interested in teaching a five-year-old, and the first class teacher taught a basic move, “left, right”, and then i understood that the one-left to-right to-right to-right to-right to-right to-right to-right to-right to-right to-right to-right. Then, through the slowness and weight of the drums, the shift between the drums, and the change of rhythms, the music of harmony is played. This is the basic rule that i understand, that is, the bottom-up driving force of things, and that is what chinese traditional preachers say about “the one-in-one-in-one-in-a-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one-one that's my first understanding。
From the critical knowledge of compounding effects, probabilistic theory, evolutionary theory, to which the author refers at the end of the article, the so-called critical knowledge should refer to a universal, interoperable model of the movement of things or a bottom path, usually named the “effects” principle. Critical knowledge is generally a mathematical, physical, chemical or economic, psychological field, the difference between which is that the former is in the natural sciences, which is relatively more empirical and more thorough, and the latter in the humanities, which is relatively subjective and hypothetical. That's my second understanding。
Why learn critical knowledge
There are two questions involved, the first being why learn? Second, why learn critical knowledge。
Between data, information and knowledge, the authors believe that scattered, uncoated data, known and collated data as information, information that can bring about changes in action are knowledge, and learning for three purposes: to explain problems, solve problems and predict problems. It is my understanding that all of our human knowledge is essentially invention rather than discovery, that is to say, all our concepts, names, patterns and principles are based on repeated observation, assumptions, reasoning, validation, and the difference is just which is closer to reality, and therefore never ends in exploration. The essence of learning is to substitute more rational assumptions for those that were relatively unreasonable in the past, thus allowing us to make better decisions。
Learning critical knowledge is because we still believe that there are patterns in the movement of things, that the relationship between things is not a simple a-cause-b causality, but a dynamic system and network of factors that are intertwined. Critical knowledge, however, can go beyond the interpretation of what happens, and by phenomenon, it can point directly to the basic patterns of development of things, so that the interpretation is more precise, the problem is more qualitative and the problem is more guided by prediction。
Bottom-level thinking and approaches to critical knowledge
Critical knowledge thinking is based on two mentalities: green light thinking and slowness
The logical premise of green light thinking is that what we see is what we want to see, so we need to remain empty, not complacent, conceited, inclusive of phenomena, perspectives, positions and perspectives. The worst enemy of green light thinking is customary defence, manifested in the interpretation of the questioning of our views as a denial of one's own, often to the detriment of others in order to preserve their face, leading to prejudice and narrowness. Why? The reason is that we are inherently afraid to expose the genes behind our ideas. The response was to distinguish me from my views, emotions and opinions, as buddha said, “i am my observer”. What is more clear is that our true dignity is not to defend ourselves when others dispute it, but rather to discover opportunities for improvement and growth and to become better。
Slowness does not come down at a simple pace, but rather emphasizes slowness in solving real problems, i. E. Taking time to think about basic concepts in reading, enlightening views and problems that are not understood, to create barriers to knowledge and to achieve convergence。
Bottom approach to critical knowledge: reflection, teaching and practice
Why should we reflect? Reflection is not a summary, not a review of the results, but a review of the process and a reflection on the causes. Our current behaviour is a habit that we have developed in the past, in the form of a path-dependent brain, a leaping hypothesis, leading to a direct flow of facts to assumptions, then to behavior, and to the passing of the brain's interpretation. Rethinking is necessary to avoid the brain opening up this automatic mode of driving. As the book says, what we believe in, how we see ourselves in the world is deeply affecting our learning effectiveness, and the essence of education is to change the way we interpret experience。
In addition to opening the mode of interpretation of the brain, reducing the occurrence of automatic driving and thus upgrading our perception, reflection can generate new knowledge and test the good ways in which knowledge has been learned. If we keep asking where this method can still be used, there are other ways to solve it, one way or the other, one way or the other, and it's really the best form to learn about target management。
How do you begin to reflect? The author's suggestions were to start with small things, to be case-oriented and to develop reflection journals。
Teaching is the same thing as “outputs” because to teach others, you must first understand what you have learned, and not make it obvious. Second, communication postures and skills are needed to proactively understand and justify different perspectives. Third, there are other alternatives to teaching, such as writing, repeating, etc. The best way to do this is to be able to repeat it in their own language after reading each stage of the article and listening to each other, both to ensure the accuracy of understanding and to link new information to old experience and to enhance memory。
Deliberate practice is a constant retrofitting process based on meta-cognizance until muscle memory is formed, with two features: first, to capture the essence of the problem and, second, to practice in large numbers. In this chapter, the author refers to the knowledge circles, competency modules and cognitive frameworks, which, in my view, are the same as what mr. Li xiaolai said in the subscription column, “clear, accurate, necessary concepts and clear, accurate and necessary links”. The authors also present three small techniques: recording, reviewing and paying for purchases。
Why record and recall? The answer is that it can reduce cognitive disorders and thus make our brains more realistic. Cognitive disorders are cognitive distortions. Why? Our brains lie to us. The answer is yes. This is because what we encounter in life often goes beyond the “visions” we know, and memories are often accompanied by a reshaping of past experiences。
The so-called “visibility” is the time threshold at which our brains can truly reflect reality, which is often very short-lived. There is a last straw called the death of camels, whose death was caused by many factors in history, but we tend to see only the straw without seeing them, because there are so many things that happen at the same time, and so many things are intertwined, that we cannot identify them clearly by memory alone, forming a whole logical chain. And that's why love in movies is always beautiful, and not to mention the fictional elements of movies, even in a documentary film, is presented as a whole by cutting the pieces of life together, which, in reality, are like fragments, scattered in the rivers of life, and beyond our “vision”. It's short, but can we rely on memory? The answer is equally disappointing, as memory is equally unreliable. The reason for this is that memory is selective and even convoluted, and that's why pain in memory is good and home is home。
Progressive pathways to learning critical knowledge
The critical mass of knowledge that we have repeatedly emphasized is how to approach the problem with a more bottom-up, more reliable scientific approach, ideas and conclusions, and how to find these more bottom-up, more reliable critical knowledge. The author gave six suggestions: first, to learn important knowledge of the subject from the fields of his interest; secondly, to identify the original sources of the most important knowledge and doctrine; thirdly, to try to interpret this knowledge with more basic principles; fourthly, to find ways to create and validate it when there is no explanation of the rationale; fifthly, to acquire critical knowledge through external resources; and sixthly, to practice deliberately to acquire critical knowledge。
It is also worth mentioning that the author has proposed a formula, that foreground perception = the structure affecting the development of the problem + the quantity and quality of specific information. How can we improve our own perception of the future? On the one hand, there is a need to move away from stress and single-causal thinking and to build structural responses and systematic thinking. On the other hand, ask questions and say hello. The author has a good answer from a good question. How can he ask a good question? The author believes that there are three levels of problem, the dimension of phenomenon, the technical dimension and the bottom pattern, from which the good ones come。
Through the knowledge of critical knowledge, the ultimate point is to build a community of capabilities that can best work across borders, which can be combined by enhancing their own multi-dimensional competitiveness。
A few critical knowledges
The final chapter of the article, devoted to several useful critical knowledge, is listed below: compounding effects, probabilities, golden circles of thought, evolutionism, systematic thinking and the 28th code. Each knowledge is summarized in a simple sentence:
The compounding effect: to do what is good for growth, to make a little progress every day。
Probability theory: resist for probability, back up for small probability
Golden thinking circle: what'sàhowàwhy
Evolution: find the heart, find the leader; embrace change, least cost error. Location is more important than hard work
Systemic thinking: thinking about relationships, analysing structures, fast-tracking mistakes, taking over the high points of information。
Law no. 28: 20 per cent of non-repeated persons in human connections perform 80 per cent of their roles
Summary
Critical knowledge tells us that everything that is universal is a cross-border product, that traditional divisional disciplines adapt to the needs of the industrial age, yet it creates a vast cognitive pit that treats artificial subdivisions as objective reality, and that critical knowledge is needed to break the boundaries of disciplines and emphasize integration. With regard to growth, we should consider time as a friend, introduce the dimensions of time, step by step, develop habits of record, review and reflection, and act patiently on the management of the mark; with respect to learning, remember jobs's “say hungry, say foolish”, remembering “learning without thought or thought without learning”, “learning with time”, try and practice; in thinking, remember the essence of the phenomenon, remember the holistic, linkage and movement perspective, ask more questions about why, think more about the logic and model behind it; and, in decision-making, remember what is expected to be done as a small probability backup。
