Winter is coming
All kinds of fungus become a "refruit" on a family table
How do we manage mushrooms, sheep belly
What are the elements to be noted when picking
Hubei's hotline
Invite wang zhuo-in, senior agrologist, hubei agricultural academy
A talk about the fungus in winter
Present guest: wang zharin
Wang zhain, senior agropastoralist of the academy of agricultural sciences of hubei province, chief of the research and development of the technical system of the food-culture industry of hubei province, member of the group of experts on the 10 key agricultural industrial chains (episode of episode) of hubei province, vice-president of the episode association of hubei province and managing director of the chinese association of episode bacillus. Long-term research and development of edible bacterial resource evaluation, new species selection and cultivation techniques。
Winter has traditionally been the most abundant and consuming season for the production of edible bacteria. In addition to low temperatures, extreme weather events such as snowstorms, fogs and wind cooling are expected to occur during the winter with greater climate change. What do friends of the mushroom farmers have to pay attention to in winter cultivation management? Ms. Wang, for example, would you like to give us an idea of winter management in the form of mushrooms in autumn。
Wang zhuin: first of all, the mushroom management of the autumn mushrooms requires attention to the following six small points。
1. Catalyst management
There are two types of acupunctures, with the spontaneous appearance of mushrooms and the impregnated bag mushrooms。
If the bag has the right amount of water, the easily fungus species are selected, and environmental conditions are suitable for mushrooms, so there is no need to impregnate, and then naturally mushrooms come out of the bag after a slight vibration。
In cases where the fungs are less watered during fung culture and are darker in colour, the choice is not for mushroom varieties and environmental conditions are less suitable for mushrooms. The thickest outer plastic bags will be removed from the physicolyticly mature and coloured bacterium bags, with only the conservative membrane of the inner layer of accelerator, which will be placed in an immersed pool for two to four hours or five to seven hours, so that the weight behind the bag does not exceed the weight of the rod. The purpose of the first mushroom leaching is to promote the occurrence of mushroom buds by immersing the rods with damp and temperature differentials. When the bag is immersed, it can be pumped onto the shelf, with the membrane temperature protected, at which point the air moisture in the shed must remain above 85 per cent, at 15-20°c and not more than 25°c, or it must be cooled in a timely manner for about 20 minutes so as not to dry the epidural of the rod. After 3 to 5 days of continuous membrane operation, mushrooms appear。
2. Caremaking
A nursery is the breeding of strong mushrooms. After this, the mushrooms are grown from 1 to 2 cm, at which point they can break their own thin membranes. When it is too light, or when it is too mild, or when it is too cold, vibration, etc., the fungus bag is too tight and causes pressure on each other, it should be performed in a timely manner to select the best, to remove the cuddly, deformed, weak, over-heavy buds, with 10 to 15 mushrooms in each bag, evenly distributed and as large as possible. Precautions should be given the right temperature, humidity, fresh air and light at a time when they are out of the bag and are less resistant to the environment. The temperature of the shed is kept within the growth temperature of the sub-entity, at 12-16°c, with a humidity of 80-90%, a certain dispersion light and fresh air. If the carbon dioxide concentration in the shed is too high or the light is too weak, it can form long-stamp mushrooms; if the temperature is too high and exceeds 25°c, it can grow into low-stamped mushrooms. It is also necessary to prevent the freezing of mushrooms, so that the capping of the shroom must be determined by the actual condition of the mushrooms, made more visible and regulated in a timely manner。
3. Peasing (sroom) management
Shrooms usually take 5-7 days to lift the shroom film when there is no wind and when there is a need for ventilation. Decreasing times are determined by the weather and the growth of mushrooms, taking into account the combination of temperature, humidity, light and gas。
The time of the mushrooms: the mushrooms begin to crawl when they reach 1. 5 to 2 centimetres。
The method of crouching mushrooms: when the weather is clear, the shrooms are removed so that the mushrooms grow slowly at natural temperatures, and no coverings are used at night at temperatures of less than 1°c, but the sunnet protection is covered. It is also necessary to cover the sun during the day when the sun is strong or when the breeze is windy, when the wind is too high, when the mushrooms are not able to excavate, when the mushrooms are crushed to death by the wind, when the mushrooms are crucified, when the humidity and temperature are measured, when the temperature is not less than 1°c, when the air is about 70% wet, when the hand is touched on the mushrooms, when the face is not sticky, when the mushrooms are squeezed up so as to be flexible. If too dry or shroom buds are not clearly resilient, they need to be increased in a timely manner (water spilling to the ground) and to be covered in leeches, and if they are too soft and wet, they require greater ventilation. When you feel the upper hand with your finger and the rhinoceros have a certain degree of hardness, the purpose of the trough is achieved. At this point, the fungus are well organized and the flesh is dense, and when the epilepsy cracks, they produce high-quality mushrooms. It usually starts when mushroom buds are tight and grow to 2. 5 ~ 3 cm。
4. Catalysing
The formation of mushrooms is the result of the coordination of the growth of the mushrooms ' physical and environmental conditions. Humidity and humidity are key factors affecting the formation of mushrooms, and nutrients contain less than 35 per cent water and environmental air moisture above 68 per cent make it difficult to form high-quality mushrooms. After curving, mushrooms are best managed when most of the mushrooms in the mushroom shed have a diameter of 2-3 cm. The thin membrane on the mushroom shed is lifted after 10 a. M. And the mushrooms are exposed directly to sunlight and breezes to dry their surfaces. After 3 p. M., thin film will be put in place to prevent the effects of evening and night tides. 2-3 days of dry management, where pneumatic cells of the fungus lid are growing at a slower rate than cells of the fungi tissues, cracks can be formed and the flowers can be naturally driven to completion。
5. Flowers
Following the fissure of the pneumatic skin of the fungus, it is operated on a natural accelerator for a period of 4 to 5 days, increasing the width of the pneumocular crack of the fungus, with the white fungus having a tortoid fis and the last skin not long, leaving only a small brown piece of a spot or all of it on the surface, known as flowers。
6. Preserve
Maintaining low-temperature and dry environmental conditions and maintaining white management processes on the surface of the fungus cap, known as plumes. If the air in the mushroom shed is more than 70 per cent wet and the temperature is above 15°c and lasts for 3-4 hours, a thin skin of white fungus on the surface of the fungus will grow and begin to be thin in tea. These conditions are prolonged, the skin cells are thickened, the colour becomes more coloury, the white meat is covered, and the white mushrooms become dark mushrooms or tea mushrooms. There are many reasons for the increased humidity of the air in the shed, caused by the high humidity of the air on the ground in the fog or snow, the evaporation of water in the bacterium, and the natural increase in the humidity of the air as the temperature decreases at night. The humidity increases at temperatures below 10°c, and the skin of regenerative fungus grows slowly and does not immediately turn red. Depending on the source of the tide, different methods are used to prevent increased air moisture. If the ground is wet enough to cover the membranes, the membranes are tightened in fog or snow. As long as the humidity of air does not exceed 70 per cent, the temperature will not be increased at night. If dry for long periods, proper wetting is required to maintain normal growth of mushrooms。
Second, mushroom harvesting and trans-tidal management:
At temperatures of 4 ~ 12°c, mushrooms grow slowly, and when the fungus will be unbreakable, lids can be dried in batches. At the time of the extraction, the thumb, index finger and middle finger were used to squeeze the basis of the bacterium, twisting and twisting, leaving no mushrooms on the blubber, so that the fungus could be grown later。
After a mushroom is taken, it takes 10 to 15 days or more to produce the fungus during the winter, preferably at 20 to 25°c for the fungus, with air moisture at around 70%, light cover, proper ventilation, and management of the mushrooms when the fungus dent is re-enacted to white, while the hand-held rod becomes hard and flexible. The usual methods used to refill the autumn fungus rods are immersion of the pool and water injection. The amount of recharge should be appropriate and reduced sequentially, but it would generally be appropriate to supplement around 90 per cent of the weight of the front mushrooms。
Ii. Market consumption of edible bacteria has increased over the years, especially in rare, high-end strain strains, rich in a wide range of human essential amino acids, currently in high demand and price, with high efficiency in planting rare food. Among them, the abdominal fungus has the reputation of the queen of eating bacillus. What are the main points of the pyrophoric techniques for sheep belly
Wang zharin:
(i) seasonal arrangements for the cultivation of sheep's belly:
Production of parent species: september
2. Original production: september-october
3. Cultivation: october-early november
Seeding: late october-early december
5. Field fungi management: november to march of the following year
Sphinx: mid-february-april of the second year
Collection: lasting 3-4 weeks。
(ii) aphrodisiac cultivation model: field rotation model: rice (vegetables) plume (vegetables) plume (vegetables)。
(iii) sheep belly cultivation process:
1. Entire huts: plows and ploughs, 80 - 100 cm wide and 10 - 15 cm high, with small arches built on each puddle and flat roofs built throughout the fields, 1. 8 - 2 m high. If it is better to build a plastic shed that covers the sunnet, it should be no more than 30 metres long, so that it can be fitted with a membrane to facilitate farming during production and reduce labour intensity。
Seeding: 300-600 bags of fungus/acre, which enter the soil at a distance of 3-5 cm from soil table。
3. Soil filamentation: seeding is followed by wet cover of the black membrane, and bacteria form and grow in the soil。
4. Supplementary nutrition bag: 8-15 days after planting, after cutting the sterile nutrition bag (1800-2000 bags/acre, 0. 4kg/bags) to flatten the fungal bed with mybacterial silk and beginning to form a fungus (sexual spores). The length of the vent should be kept at about one half of the length of the bag, which would reduce the amount of nutrients that fell out of the button. A slight pressure is applied when the nutritional bag is buttoned, which allows it to be fully exposed to the acoustic fungus on the surface of the bed。
5. Hydrological management: it is appropriate to keep the soil of the bed wet and white, with a slightly visible footprint but not a sticky shoe。
Sphinx management: in the plains, mushrooming took place in the middle of february and in the first half of april, and in the high mountains in march and may. It is important to strengthen its management and care during the formative base and the fungus phase. Temperature, humidity, light and air in the shed shall be maintained throughout the mushrooming period for the growth of the sheep’s belly。
Temperature requirements: temperature stabilizes at more than 8 °c for 3-5 days, and the abdominal base occurs. The temperature range for sub-entity growth is 8-18 °c. The temperature above 18 °c does not form the foundation, the base and larvae above 20 °c are prone to death, and the large sub-entities of 25 °c are also vulnerable to death. The increase in temperature after mid-march could allow the roof film to be removed or the surrounding area to be ventilated and cooled, as well as an additional layer of sunnet。
Soil water content: heavy water before mushrooms are released, with soil water content ranging from 22 to 24 per cent, but not leading to heavy flooding. The mushroom sheds, which do not have spray facilities, can wet up horses in the gutter, provided that excess water in the gutter is removed in a timely manner. The soil surface of the bed is required to be wet, not white, with stripes and no sticky hands。
Air moisture: controlled at 85-90%. The fungus water needs to be sprayed, the original base formed without heavy water being sprayed and the thin fog water kept wet。
The shed is usually open for 30 minutes per day to keep the air fresh. The sunnet around the shed cannot be lifted to prevent dry (cold) winds from blowing out the foundation or mushrooms。
7. Collection and processing:
Criteria for collection: the sub-entity cover is 3-5 cm, the bacterium is 3-5 cm and a total of 7-12 cm should be collected in a timely manner。
The method of harvesting is cut, cut in the base of the handle near the ground, cut down in the direction of the ground level, and kept hands clean when picking, avoiding contamination of mud on mushrooms, particularly on the bacterium handle, which affects the later commercial form. The base of the handle may be left in the ground and then excavated in the ground after a harvest。
Drying: 2-3 hours sun and drying surfaces. The initial drying temperature is 35-38 degrees, increased by 2 degrees after an hour, until it rises to about 45 degrees, maintaining 6-8 hours, with sub-entity content of 12. 5 to 14 per cent。
The hubei rural department
Editor, layonnie, pang mannion, ma, von lee
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