Autumn garlic is the core planting model in our main garlic-producing area, with a full-scale seedling and a strong seedling serving as the basis for high-yielding, high-quality and efficient garlic. Scientific regulation of pre-winter management is key to nurturing strong seedlings, securing safe winters and securing full and productive garlic for the coming year. In conjunction with garlic growth habits and field farming practices, the core elements of all-planting techniques and pre-winter precision management of the autumn garlic seedlings are summarized below as providing technical support for the scaling and standardization of farming households。
I. Pre-screen preparation and solid foundation
The lack of seedlings and seedlings in the garlic industry is linked mostly to seeding, plots, love, and poor management of base fertilizers. Pre-sembling preparation is a prerequisite for achieving a full seedling。
(i) optimal species, scientific treatment of garlic
Priority is given to the selection of highly resistant, adaptable, well-developed and commercial local masterly grown varieties, the removal of deformities, dryness, molds, worms, injured garlic, and the selection of a full and full range of first-level garlic, which ensures the integrity and vitality of the seed。
The seeding is preceded by the pre-treatment of garlic, the effective eradication of epigeny, the breaking of hibernation, the promotion of early seeding, and the emergence of seedlings. It is possible to dry garlic two to three days in advance, scrambling the sun, avoiding tanned seed sprouts, mixing or leaching with high-efficiency, low-intensity microbicides, insecticides, leaching and soaking, and preventing diseases and pests such as scavengers, scavengers and maggots from the source, thus significantly reducing the probability of weak and dead seedlings。
(ii) land rehabilitation to optimize the farming environment
Garlic roots are shallow, gypsy and fertile, medium-sized or sandy land, which is easily drained and drained, with heavy and low-lying plots. The former crops are cleared in time for the harvest, the fields are completely cleared of residues, weeds, rubble, deep tillage of 25-30 cm, the soil sheeting is broken, the soil is defusing, the soil is improved for abating, the roots are sequestered and the seeds soak。
In combination with the application of base-based fertilizers for deep cultivation, which adheres to the principle of “mainized organic fertilizer and supported by fertilizers”, farmers who are fully decomposed from 3,000 to 4,000 kg per acre are fed with a combination of 40 to 50 kg of potassium nitrogen phosphorus, 15 kg of potassium sulphate and 30 kg of calcium per phosphate, are able to flatten into the earth floor, so as to integrate the fertile soil and avoid the concentration of fertilizers in burning and burning. The whole area is covered with fine, fine and flat plots, which are prepared in accordance with the planting pattern, which ensures that the ground is flat, the soil is thin, and there is no lumbering, so as to create good soil conditions for even seeding and clean-up。
(iii) controlling incorruptibility and securing seed water
The seeding period of garlic is extremely wet for the soil, which is too dry to soak and too wet to soak. Pre-plantation is preceded by precision verification of soil profiles, with the best soil water content ranging from 70 to 80 per cent of the maximum water holding in the field。
Indecent plots are pre-planted and seeded when the soil is dry and wet, and excess plots are released in time to open ditches and dry and wet, so as to eliminate wet earth seeding and avoid the problem of mixed and poor seedlings。
Ii. Finely regulated seeding to achieve full seedling
The timing, density, depth, and membrane quality of seedlings, which directly determine the integrity of seedlings, are central to the seedling as a whole and require strict control of operating standards。
(i) cultivation with suitable temperature conditions
Garlic seedlings, growing in winters, have stringent requirements for temperature and are too early to sow, with high temperatures leading to long seedlings, early fall before the winter, reduced resistance to freezing; too late to sow, low temperatures, slow and weak seedlings and exposure to cold death。
The main area in the north is suitable for planting from late september to mid-october, and the southern area can be postponed until late october to early november, with average daily temperatures stabilizing at 15-18°c to ensure that 5 to 7 functional leaves are grown before the winter of garlic, forming healthy seedlings and making winters safe。
(ii) reasonable insulation, sowing depth
Cultivation density is determined on the basis of variety characteristics and soil fertility, with 3. 2 to 38,000 hectares per acre per plot of fertilized plots, evenly spaced to ensure a balance of ventilation in the fields and the full size of the seedlings。
The sowing depth follows the principle of “deepness, light drierness” with a standard depth of 3 to 4 cm, while the garlic petals are laid up and sprung up, with a shallowness and unity of space, and the thickness of the earth is evenly balanced, so as to eliminate the problems of early and late seeding and the fragmentation of small and medium seedlings caused by shallowness。
(iii) regulating membrane, wetting seedlings
The widespread use of membrane-covered cultivation and the protection of the membranes against temperature and plant fattening are important measures to ensure a full-scale seedling. The soil is sowed as to cover the top-quality membranes in a timely manner, so that they are covered on the ground, so that they are stretched and pressed to the edges of the membrane, so that they are eliminated from the membranes, broken and leaky, so as to increase the temperature protection effect, accelerate seed growth and achieve uniform seed production。
Iii. Precautionary care during seeding to ensure that they are strong
The period from seedling to seedlings is a critical period of protection, with emphasis on refilling water protection, artificial seedlings, and seedlings, with a view to completely eliminating the problem of seedlings。
(i) scientific recharge, steady seedlings
The planting is followed by the timely watering of seedlings, which is carried out in the form of small water spills or sprays, so as to avoid the flooding of the soil, the washing of garlic and the accumulation of water in the fields. The membrane garlic is sowed with the first water, and when it comes to seedlings, the small water is refilled in accordance with the rheumatism, the soil is maintained to stabilize moisture and the garlic seed is protected from the soil. The seedlings are managed in a moderate manner, promoting the rooting of the system and avoiding excessive moisture leading to the growth of the seedlings。
(ii) timely membrane fragmentation, assisted seedlings
After 5 to 10 days of seeding, the top of the garlic can't break the membrane itself, and timely manual support is needed to prevent high-temperature ground cover burning of the seedlings, leading to their eutrophication。
In the mornings and evenings, when temperatures are appropriate, the membrane with a broom, dipped in a water sack, is drawn for a period of two to three days, thus helping the seedlings smooth out of the membrane. For seedlings that cannot produce their own seedlings, the membranes are fed artificially with a fine iron hook, which reduces the amount of heat and water loss. A full tour of the fields was carried out to produce seedlings and seedlings, and to ensure unfilmless seedlings and burning。
(iii) refilling all seedlings
Seymour was then given full field seedlings to replant saplings of the same age, saplings of the same age, sprouted with a small amount of water and steady seedlings to ensure that the fields were well stocked and evenly sprouted, and that a full seedling was truly achieved. This is accompanied by the timely removal of weak, deformed seedlings from the fields, the reduction of nutrient consumption and the guarantee of balanced overall growth of the seedlings。
Iv. Pre-winter scientific management for the development of winter breeding
The core objectives of pre-winter management are to promote roots, seedlings, controls, and freeze-proofs, and to nurture a five-leaf, medium-sized, well-developed, strong winter-growing seedling that will be able to sustain high productivity in the coming year。
(i) precise fattening and steady growth
In line with the principles of "pre-control and post-adultation, light weight and indigence " , the pre-baby seedlings are based on water control, reducing the frequency of water irrigation, leading to deep-seated roots and increasing the resilience of plants。
In mid-november, garlic entered the critical pre-winter period of growing seedlings, following up on fertilizer in combination with soil agglomeration and sapling: weak fields with long, yellow leaves, each acre following the application of quick-effect nitrogen fertilizer with a small amount of potassium fat, and fast-moving seedlings; strong fields with a strong presence, reducing nitrogen fertilizer, increasing phosphorus fattening, controlling the length of the plant and increasing their resistance to freezing。
In mid-december, between 7 and 10 days before the soil was frozen, the water was poured into winter and evenly distributed. In winter, water can sank the soil, balance the temperature, protect the roots, effectively mitigate the cold, dry and dead seedlings of winter, and guarantee the safe passage of the young。
(ii) leaf supplementation to improve resilience
Seven days before the onset of cold air, temperatures stabilized above 10°c in the clear sky, and leaf-flowing conservation was implemented to increase the resilience of young babies to cold and disease. 99 per cent of potassium phosphate 100 g + 8 per cent of methamine soluble powder per acre and 20 to 30 kg of equilibrate foliage tablets in water; and 0. 3 per cent of potassium phosphate + 0. 1 per cent of thacetate solution, supplementing leaf cover, increasing the chlorophyll content, promoting root system growth, enhancing the anti-frozen resistance of garlic winters and avoiding the drying of leaves and damage to seedlings due to cryogenic frost。
(iii) weed clearing, cleaning of the field environment
Pre-winter weeds in the fields compete with garlic seedlings for water fattening, lighting, nutrients and infestation, requiring timely weeding. Dust fields remove impurities and weeds from the membranes in a timely manner, repair the damaged membranes, ensure the membranes are complete and clean, and fully perform their function as a herbist; field cultivation or internal membranes are more extensive; chemical weeding is carried out with the special safe herbicide of garlic; controlled doses, concentrations and spraying times are strictly applied in order to avoid drug abuse. At the same time, the fields are completely cleared of dead branches, leaves and weeds and the number of insects is reduced。
(iv) patient control, protection of seedlings
Pre-autumn and winter temperatures are appropriate and the principles of “preventive and integrated treatment” need to be adhered to in view of the high incidence of garlic roots, leaf strewn diseases, as well as parrots, garlic mackerel and aphids。
Regular inspections of the fields revealed sporadic strains of disease, which were removed from the fields in time for deep burial. Early application of wide-species low-toxacicides to prevent fungal disease during high-prevalence periods; early selection of low-insecticide sprays for control in the early stages of pest occurrence, strict control of the spread of pests and diseases, avoiding the death and weakening of young seedlings, and ensuring their healthy growth before winter。
(v) freeze control and winterization barrier
Garlic seedlings, which were too strong and long before winter, were used to boost resistance by controlling water and fattening the length of the leaves, promoting the development of strong and strong roots. Close attention is paid to weather changes, and before the onset of cold tides and severe cooling weather, it will be possible to complete the flavour-resistant application of leaves and winter water irrigation, if necessary by spreading thin roots in the fields, buffering the damage caused to the roots and seedlings by low temperatures and preventing widespread freezing。
Summary of pre-winter seedling standards and management
(i) high-quality winter seedling standards
The pre-winter scale is 25 to 28 centimetres tall, 0. 6 centimetres thick and above, with stability of 5 1 centimetres, thick green leaves, no disease-free spots, well-developed roots, large numbers of white roots, strong, unarmed, weak and yellow seedlings。
(ii) management core summary
In the autumn, the whole range of garlic is replanted before sowing, sowing at the same time as it does, so that the seedlings are carefully protected from the source; the core of pre-winter management is water-control rooting, fertilizing, anti-frozen, purified fields, and the cultivation of healthy, up-to-date seedlings through precision control. The full implementation of standardized plant management techniques can effectively address the problems of poor seedlings, winter and poor nursery growth, and provide a solid basis for high-quality garlic production and improved harvests in the coming year。
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