The spring returns to the earth as the busy days of the northern vegetable farmers. The timing of cucumber cultivation as a “frequent guest” for the summer table is directly related to production and quality. In the northern region, the four-season period of cucumber cultivation was concentrated in late march and early april, when temperatures recovered and the soil unfrozen, providing excellent conditions for cucumber growth。
But knowing the months is not enough — the clever combination of diversity selection, planting techniques and geographical differences is the key to high productivity。
The northern region is characterized by four seasons, dry springs, hot summers and long winters. Such climatic characteristics have a significant impact on cucumber cultivation. The cucumber is a warmer crop with the most appropriate growth temperature of 20°c ~30°c and requires adequate light and moisture。
Temperatures are gradually rising in the north and the soil is beginning to thaw, at which point cucumber cultivation can take full advantage of the growing season. In contrast, high summer temperatures and heavy rainfall are prone to outbreaks of pests and pests, while the rapid decline in autumn temperatures affects the development of later fruits. Farmers are required to organize farming activities in accordance with local climatic characteristics。
The core planting period for northern spring cucumbers was from late march to early april. At this time, soil temperatures are stable at more than 10°c, facilitating seed growth and seedling growth. The droughted cucumbers of mafang camp in tangshan county, hebei, are the typical representatives - the varieties were seeded in late march and early april, using greenhouse seedlings and ready for marketing in mid-may。
Varieties selection: pre-maturized varieties, such as cucumbers, are recommended in the spring. The first female species of this type appear in three to four knots, with dense melons that can capture early market prices. Pre-plant seeds need to be immersed with warm water at 55°c to wash off their surface mucous membranes and then incubate, which can significantly increase the growth rate。
Plantation methods: the northern spring cucumber can be used for live broadcasts or seedlings. The field is grown live, with two to three seeds per den planted; protected areas are grown mostly by seedlings, which are grown for approximately 40 days (about 4 to 5 real leaves)。
In addition to spring, the northern cucumber has two important planting periods:
Summer planting (late may to early june): after spring cucumbers are on the market, the temperature is high and growing fast, but the pests and pests caused by high temperatures and humidity need to be guarded. High-temperature, disease-resistant varieties should be selected and ventilation measures should be strengthened。
Autumn planting (late august to early september): extended supply period using the cold autumn climate. The sheds in henan and anhui were established in mid-august and mid-september. Short-cycle cold-resistant varieties need to be selected and pre-frozen with a rembrandt or improvised roof to keep warm。
Iv. Time password for the three cultivation models
Ground cultivation: the dominant approach, which relies entirely on natural climate. Cultivated in march-april, followed by may-june and looted in august. The open spring cucumbers in liaoning, hebei, etc. Were bred 35 to 40 days before the frost was broken, which was then planted。
Large greenhouse cultivation: breaking seasonal limits. Cucumber seeded in mid-october and planted in mid-november, and harvests around the spring season were extremely effective. Farmers in guangan county managed to catch market price peaks by planting early until mid-september, planting in mid-october and harvesting root melons in late november。
Membrane cover cultivation: 7 days before seeding in spring compared to conventional open ground, increasing warm and early delivery。
V. High-yield management: details of winnings out of time
Whole area fertilization: 18 cubic metres of pre-dry acre application of consumable organic fertilizer + 150 kg of calcium perphosphate + 75 kg of nitrogen fertilization and 15-20 cm rise from the acre. Use of “deep and shallow” medium tillage: 20 centimetre cut-off root in the 2-4 leaf period; 10 centimetre tom root in the 4-6 leaf period; and eight leaves to stop tilling surface root。
Temperature management: keep high temperature and slow seedlings after planting, followed by the introduction of “low night temperature management” (10-15°c) to increase females. Temperature controls 23-26°c in the middle of the winter to avoid exceeding 28°c; at night, 12-10°c。
Water fertilization: between 7 and 10 days during the severe winter period and 4 days during the spring season. A combination of ammonium nitrate + leaf fertilizers: 20 kg of ammonium nitrate every 15 days in the middle of the winter and 30 kg every 8 days in the spring。
Insects and pests control: in the spring, frostproof disease (chosen to use 25 per cent of the mercuric humid powder); in the summer, the focus is on aphids (10 per cent of the amphibians 2000 times the fluid); and in the autumn, on white powder (15 per cent of the trithon cream)。
The dual wisdom of species selection and time management is the secret to the high productivity of cucumbers in the north. In the past year, guanoshan zhangmingshan, hebei province, a variety of “spring and autumn poignant” species was introduced, in conjunction with the precision seeding of 25 march, with an acre production exceeding 7,000 kg, an increase of 16 per cent over traditional cultivation。
Agriculture has never been a god-eating business, but a perfect dance of science and experience. When the last autumn cucumbers were picked in boxes before the fall of the frost, the smile of the vegetable was not only happy with the harvest, but also with a deep understanding of land law。
