Silver almond tree breeding techniques, including two methods of seeding silver almond trees and embroidery of silver almond trees, provide technical reference for the cultivation of silver almond trees。
1. Cultivation of silver almond trees
1. 1 quarrying
The parent tree is chosen as the fruit of high growth, robust growth, good pollination, large seeding, full breeding, abundance and resilience. When the skin of silver almonds is changed from green to light yellow or orange yellow, it is collected in due course. Silver almond seeds collected from trees do not complete their embryonic development and require more than 60d layers or later ripening to reach biological maturity. Therefore, sand-cover methods are often used to ensure the continued development of seed embryos. The ratio of seeds to sand is better than 1:3 (heavy ratio), stacked indoors, typically containing 50 per cent of the saturated water, spreads 60 cm thick, and 15d flips one time, with appropriate water recharge as the water evaporates。
1. 2 modems
Modifier: softening, decomposed and decomposed skins, rinsing water to wash to dry and then grade. Silver almond seeds are collected and stacked in the shade or in the tank, at heights not exceeding 60 cm, and then decomposed by a pile of around 10d, then decomposed and washed with water. After a net seed has been decorated, a two-day dry classification is selected for indoors or cool ventilated areas, and 360/kg large fruit seeds should be selected for seeding。
1. 3 plumbing
In order to achieve the goal of full, rapid and full growth, the trees must be given a long, long-term life and the quality of the trees must be improved. Use of outdoor hotbed sprouts: before seeding, a 30-centimetre deep, 80-100-centimetre wide, scalding cellars depending on the number of seeds, 10 centimetres of sand at the bottom, homogenous stacking of seeds from winter mixed sands, 10-15 centimetres thick, sprouts of plastic film. During this period, the temperature in the cellar is around 25°c, and more than 35°c requires ventilation to cool. The moisture is kept in the sand in the hand and the moisture does not see through the stitches. Every 3d is to be flipped one time to keep thermally even, at the same temperature and fully germinate. The 15 to 20-day seed can begin to germinate and, as the seed is rolled, the seed sprouts are picked up in time。
1. 4 seeding
On the basis of the biological properties of silver almonds, nurseries should choose a flat ground, a backwind to the sun, a fertile land with a deep soil, sandy soil, and a well-fed nursery. The nursery should be fully vertebrated in late autumn or early winter, at a depth of 30 cm, with the application of soil fertilizers of 150 t/hm2, calcium perphosphate 1125 to 1500 kg/hm2, which, following winter periods, is frozen, the soil is weathered and the pests and pests are significantly reduced the following year. The second tillage was carried out in late february of the following year, after which beds were made with beds 120 cm wide and 30 cm high, with ditches 35 cm wide suitable, and then made beds. During the construction of the bed, 225 kg/hm2 of ammonium sulphate was used in agriculture, which was evenly poured on the bed seven days before the planting. Underground pests are severe and are applied to thionphos-methyl or furan during bedmaking 75 kg/hm。
Seeds can be seeded in mid-march. The seeding is done in a horizontal ditch, which is 3-4 centimetres deep, 20-30 centimetres wide and 10-15 centimetres wide. Seeds are flat, root down, soil 2-3 cm, then covered with clean straw, with wet bed cover. The seeding rate varies according to the size of the seed particles, with a general seedage of around 270,000/hm2 and an average of about 750 kg/hm. Silver almonds are straight root tree species that have a clear effect in rooting the trees in order to promote their growth and increase the quality of the trees, by cutting the seed after the seeding and cutting it by one third at a length of about one centimetre before planting it。
1. 5 mt management
One year, the shade is 40% good. The shade method is determined on the basis of nursery conditions, with 10 centimetres of grass covered between seedlings, with a plastic net or with crops such as beans. Fats of 3-4 times per year can be applied to phosphates, chemical fertilizers with high potassium content or compound fertilizers. The first fertilisation was carried out on three to four first rolls in maeha, the second in early june and the third in mid-july, and the second in mid-september, in case of freezing by the growers. When silver almond seedlings begin to come out of the soil, their roots are so tender that they are vulnerable to underground pests such as thorium, gold needle worms and tigers, and 50% of the trichlorfon humid powder can be used as a bait at a rate of 1:100 with wheat or rice beams, to be planted at nightfall in a seedbed or sprayed with 500 times liquid. In june-august, the disease was caused by high temperatures and heavy rainfall, and the strain was removed in time to prevent its spread, and water was poured and drained in time to reduce the temperature of the leaves and the ground, thereby reducing the incidence of root causes. In addition, the seedlings are sprayed with 160 times the bordeaux and 150 times the fentanyl solution every 15 days. Due to poor soil, shallow soil cover, underground pests, root decay, mechanical damage, etc., accelerosis of silver almonds is likely to occur, with symptoms growing from local to comprehensive. Control can be carried out by micro-fertilizing roots or leaf spraying, and by strengthening the management of wood fields。
2. The seedlings of silver almond trees
Silver almond seedlings preserve the excellent characteristics of the parent tree, are easy to identify its male and female, and conserve seed, which is a way of fast-growing silver almond seedlings. Silver almond piping breeds two methods, divided between hard and young。
2. 1 tile plugs
Hard branch plugs are interpolated mainly by one-year or half-timber branches. One is bed-laying. The nursery bed in the field shall choose a sandy sandy soil with a strong aerobic soil, which shall be coated with a sufficiently deep and drudgery, and shall normally have an unlimited length of 100 cm wide, 30 cm high and 35 cm wide in the walkways. In order to keep the bed surface wet and reduce water evaporation, bamboo blades can be bent into a wide arc with the bed, with a layer of plastic sheeting on them, followed by a net of shades 160 cm high. Soil disinfection with 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution or 150 kg/hm2 agricultural iron sulphate dissolved to 30% water solution after bedmaking. Two is cutting the ear. After the tree falls, and before the bud begins, it is necessary to collect the external or upper branches of the crown for a year when it chooses to extract the good species that have been growing for 25 to 40 years. Because the age of the silver almond tree and the age of the branches have increased, the rate of adhesion has decreased. For the time being, low-temperature sand or sandy earth reserves may be made. The length of the piping is 15-20 cm, with 1 to 2 full sprouts, with the upper end of the piping cut into a flat mouth, then with wax seals, the lower slashing into the face of the horse, and 50 mg/kg of argon. An acetic acid solution is impregnated at the bottom of 24h with a root rate of more than 85 per cent and can be impregnated with a root solution of more than 1h at 50 mg/kgabt, with a root rate of more than 80 per cent. Three is the pint. The piping time should normally take place between the beginning of march and the beginning of april, before the flow of the tree fluid begins, and the appropriate time should be chosen according to local patterns, with the formation of too early and too low-impact root systems of soil temperature, with too late and too high temperatures causing the emergence of buds and the depletion of large nutrients to survive. When plugged, a wooden rod is used to strike a straight hole, an ear is inserted into the soil by two thirds, and then the soil around the ear is pressed by hand, so that the soil is effectively integrated with the ear, and water is then poured into the water, with a film and a shampoo. The length of the line is 5 cm x 10 cm. Four is post-insert management. These include weeding, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, pine soil and pest control. Straws are covered with straw, straw, rice shells, furs, etc., in between plumbing lines to reduce surface temperature and water evaporation, while inhibiting weed breeding. Water is poured out with a canteen, each time, depending on the weather. The number of water attacks should be gradually reduced upon completion of the operation. The hysteria is applied to fattening, light and heavy, and combines the water with the urea application of 0. 1 per cent or 1 per cent to 2 per cent of hydroxyphosphate. A gradual increase in the intensity of light is required with the display and extraction of the trees, which is expected to increase to 50 per cent after a month, in order to increase photocooperative capacity and resistance. By late september, temperatures had fallen and the sun had weakened, allowing all the shades to be removed, and in mid-november of that year, stage 2 seedlings had been planted。
2. 2 left
Insectation is the planting of seedlings with new insects that were not wooded in the year, which is characterized by simple operation, rapid reproduction, shorter cycles, reduced nursery costs and high rates of survival. Between early june and early august, the new apricot was largely capped, but the new apricot was not wooded, and a long, semi-timbered branch was cut in the upper edge of the tree canopy and placed in a certain quantity, indicating the species and location of the parent tree. It grows by about 10 centimetres, saves two to three blades on the upper side of the ear, removes the lower blade, leaves a third of the handle, and cuts the lower end into a horse. Plugged beds may be used for cylindrical or fine yellow sands where the conditions exist, or new yellow sand can be dug in mountainous areas, with the same specifications as those for hard-width plating. Before the piping, the piping was immersed with 1h of 100 mg/kg's abt powder, with 1 to 2 buds at the piping depth, all of which were inserted into the soil with a line distance of 6 cm x 9 cm. It is also important to keep the shades above the temperature, either by building roofs, or by placing roofs and walls, under which bow-line plastic sheeting is covered to prevent water loss. The remaining management measures are the same as the hard-line plugging. The rate of survival is generally around 80 per cent, with a high of over 90 per cent。
The technique of breeding silver almonds is broadly divided into seedlings and pyrotechnics, which in turn are divided into hard and young branches, which in large-scale cases tend to be grown by adhesion, which has a relatively high rate of activity and is suitable for large-scale planting of apricot。
