Garlic is a classic cash crop, with continuous cultivation leading to soil degradation, high pests and pests and a decline in the quality of production from year to year. Many growers are unable to determine accurately the heavy load and are applying inappropriately, resulting in years of low yields. This paper elaborates on the methods used to determine the weight of garlic and on the core elements of the scientific fertilization of the field of cultivation, providing technical support for the steady production of garlic。
I. How does garlic grow represent a relapse
Garlic is heavy, in short, the same cropland, growing garlic for many years in succession, and not shifting to other crops. Depending on the number of years of cultivation and the level of soil damage, it can be divided into mild, medium and heavy, with clear criteria for the determination of which farmers can directly compare:
1. Light and heavy (initial)
The same plot has been growing garlic for two consecutive years, with no rotational crops such as wheat, maize and vegetables。
At this time, soil hazards are not apparent, with little evidence of a long-term problem, except for a slight imbalance within the soil: a small accumulation of garlic-specific bacteria, a small accumulation of insect eggs, a slight loss of trace elements, a generally normal length of garlic seedlings, an occasional small number of yellow leaves, weak seedlings, and a drop in yields of about 5%-10% in the mid-term and later periods, are easily ignored by the growers。
2. Medium severe (typically heavy)
The same plot has been growing garlic for three to four consecutive years and has been running endlessly and without rotation。
This is the most common case of stress in garlic cultivation, and the symptoms are all-emergence: weak seedlings in the field, increasing seedlings, poor seedlings, thin roots, early incidence of garlic yellow leaves, dry tippings, a marked increase in the incidence of garlic mackerel, root decomposition and leaf deadness, slight slabs in the soil, a deterioration in air-transmitting behaviour, decreasing production over the years, an overall reduction of 15 ~ 25 per cent, and an increase in the number of garlic heads and deformations。
3. Severely severe (serious obstacles)
The same plot has been growing garlic for five consecutive years and more, with a long history of monoculture。
There are serious barriers to land parcels, which belong to waste-grade garlic fields: soil sheet salinization is highly salinized and poorly ventilated, there is a significant reduction in beneficial bacteria, there is a proliferation of harmful bacteria, there is a significant reduction in the incidence of garlic, dead, rotten roots, large areas of seedling outbreaks, repeated outbreaks of disease and pests are difficult to cure, garlic is small, empty, production is reduced by more than 30 per cent, serious plots are even cut off and cannot be grown directly。
Add: these cases are also hidden
Onions of onion, onions and other onions, such as garlic, are also considered a major problem for many farmers. Because of the high degree of convergence of such crop pests and nutritional needs, the soil is not able to sustain the land, and only crop rotation (wheat, maize) and soybean crops can break the burden。
Ii. Core measures for the application of fertilizers in woody plantations points
The core principles for the application of heavy garlic: soil conversion, regenerative breeding, balanced nutrition, control of potassium enrichment. The normal routine fertilization of potassium nitrogen phosphorus only exacerbates the soil sheeting and disease, and the soil must be improved, root systems repaired and missing nutrients replaced in a targeted manner. The elements of the fertilization are divided into three sections:
(i) retardation of ground-based fattening: deep-farming, soil consolidation (most critical)
It determines the strength and resilience of garlic, with the emphasis on heavy ground-based fertilizer not on the restoration of fertilizers, but on soil improvement, organicity and activation。
1. Re-apply decomposed organic fertilizers and decoupling boards
The soil of the hard-hitting soil is characterized by a lack of organic matter and a severe plaque, which must be applied in sufficient quantities to fully decomposed goats, cow dung, straw organic fats, and the use of raw dung, undecomplicated chicken dung (breed with fungus, burning of roots, aggravated pests) is strictly prohibited. Acre application of 2500 ~ 3500 kg of decomposition organic fertilizer, deep tillage of 25-30 cm, crushing into the soil, effectively defusing the soil, improving air permeability and creating a good environment for root system growth。
2. Increased biocofertilization for microbacteria
The prevalence of serious harmful bacteria is a central cause of the high incidence of disease. The seeding must be accompanied by biobacterium fertilizer, which is 40-60 kg per acre of bacillus and hazmus. Biobacteria can rapidly inhibit soil roots, endemic pests, decompose soil salt and fertilizer residues, activate fixed nutrients and mitigate heavy barriers from root causes。
3. Balancing compound fertilizer, low nitrogen and high potassium phosphorus
Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers has been severed to avoid the growth of seedlings and the reduction of resistance. Select low nitrogen compound fertilizer of 40-50 kg per acre. The phosphorus contributes to the growth of the root system, and the potassium element increases the resilience of the garlic, the expansion of the garlic, and corresponds to the growth characteristics of the weak and the weak。
4. Focus on the addition of micro- and micro- elements
Counting over the years leads to severe depletion of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron and zinc in the soil, which is the main cause of garlic dry tipping, yellow leaf and garlic malformations. The basic fertilizer mix is 15-20 kg of microweight per acre, with a focus on boron, zinc, calcium, prevention of post-mortem physiological diseases and promotion of garlic。
(ii) repetition of fat: supplementation and protection of seedlings
The heavy-earth garlic roots are weak in absorptive capacity, and the pursuit of fattening follows the principle of multiplication of a small amount of water, avoiding one-time burning of strong fat roots, with three key life-long pursuits:
1. Shrimp fattening (20-30 days after seeding)
This phase is dominated by the promotion of the growth of the seedlings. The application of 5-8 kg of high nitrogen water soluble per acre, combined with root water solution, promotes the rapid growth of the root system, restores the damaged root system, fast seedlings, soluble seedlings, and reduces the proportion of small and vulnerable seedlings。
2. Return to fertilisation (after spring)
Garlic enters a rapid and long-term life after a return to temperature and needs balanced fertilizer. The application of 10 kg of balanced water solubility per acre, in combination with microbacterial agents, can supplement growth nutrients and sustain soil improvement to prevent spring yellow leaves, dry tippings and root decay outbreaks。
Three, garlic swells
This is a critical period for determining production, and nitrogen control, heavy potassium and micronutrients must be heavily regulated. The application of high nitrogen fertilizers was discontinued, with 10-12 kg of potassium soluble per acre, and potassium phosphate + zinc folate was sprayed on the front, once for 7-10 days and twice in a row. Promoting the rapid expansion of garlic, avoiding hollow, thin garlic, and significantly improving production and quality。
(iii) three taboos on re-fertilization
1. Refraining from applying too much nitrogen fattening: excessive heavy nitrogen fattening can lead to the growth of garlic leaves, weak roots, significantly reduced resistance to cold and disease, high susceptibility to flaying and mackerel pests, while increasing soil salinization。
2. Prohibition of the application of unperformed farm fats: manure carrying a large number of eggs and bacteria directly exacerbates endemic pests and pests in heavy areas, while manure fermentation produces high-temperature burning roots, resulting in dead seedlings。
3. Refraining from applying single fertilizers: prolonged application of potassium fertilizer with only nitrogen phosphorus, without supplementing organic, fungic, and meso-micro-fertilizers, increases the weighting of soil sheeting, salinization and increases the barriers year after year, creating a vicious circle of “failer and poorer” production。
Iii. Accompanimentary measures (complementing a doubling of fertilization)
1. Heavy tracts of land that can be sowed annually with soil adjusters, medium and soil acidity, and decoupling salin
2. Prioritize the introduction of a rotational system, with more than three years of reconstruction of plots, with a recommended rotation of maize, wheat and pulse crops for one to two years, and complete soil rehabilitation
3. Fertilizer combines deep tilling, drying the soil, sowing it for 7-10 days, using sunlight to kill the soil, to help mitigate the severe effects。
Summary
Garlic cultivation, which lasts two years and more without rotation, can be characterized as heavy cultivation, with the longer it lasts, the greater the obstacles. Heavy application of fertilizers cannot reproduce conventional cultivation patterns. At the core is organic fertilisation, biobacterism, meso-microfatation and precision in the pursuit of fertility control. Scientific fertilization can effectively overcome the problem of heavy reduction and achieve a steady and productive production of garlic。
