Reporter, yang yong
This year marks the first year in shandong province of a massive expansion of soybean corn belt complex cultivation. In recent days, the shandong department of agriculture and rural affairs has published the soybeans belt complex production management plan for 2022 (hereinafter referred to as the plan). The plan is intended to guide the high-quality completion of the maize soybeans complex and to achieve the objective of “narrow production is virtually non-existent and harvests more than a season of beans”。
The technology for the complex cultivation of maize soybeans was clearly set out in this year's central document and this year the country focused on the demonstration and promotion of a steady-food oil expansion project. This technology has the potential to achieve a harmonious symbiosis of soybean corn on the same land and a season of double harvests. This year, the ministry of agriculture and rural development has promoted more than 15 million acres of maize soybean complex in 16 provinces of the country。
Standardized seeding
Cultivation is the key to soybean corn belt complex cultivation and is the basis for achieving efficiency gains from complex cultivation. Key technical measures, such as improved seed quality and ensuring full seedling, should be pursued in a manner that effectively captures model selection, variety selection, seed processing, seedability and fertilizer equivalence。
Select the appropriate mode. Locally appropriate patterns of cultivation should be chosen by science in combination with production practices。
4:2 model. 4 rows of soybeans band were combined with 2 rows of maize band. The bandwidth is 290 cm, of which soybean lines are 40 cm and 10 cm and acres are sowing more than 9,200; maize lines are 40 cm and 10 cm and acres are sowing more than 4,600. Soybeans and corn belts are 65 cm apart。
4:3. 4 rows of soybeans were combined with 3 rows of maize. The bandwidth is 350 cm, of which soybean lines are 40 cm and 10 cm and acres are sowing more than 7,600; maize lines are 50 cm, side lines are 12 cm, intermediate lines are 15 cm and acres are sowing more than 4,400. Soybeans and corn belts are 65 cm apart。
6:3 model. 6 rows of soybeans were combined with 3 rows of maize. The bandwidth is 455 cm, of which the soybean line is 45 cm and 10 cm and the acre is sowing more than 8,800; the maize line is 50 cm, the side line is 12 cm, the middle line is 15 cm and the acre is sowing more than 3,400. Soybeans and corn belts are 65 cm apart。
Choose suitable varieties. Soybeans should be selected for high-yielding, pre-matured, ready-to-receiving products such as yellow 34 and soybeans 33. Corn should be selected for high-yielding varieties such as 605 in the sea and 366 in tiantai, anti-disease, mid-dry, dense-planted and ready to harvest。
Seed selection. The selected seed is full, balanced, non-destructive and colourful. Before soybeans and corn are planted in seed wrappings or blending. Soybeans may choose a combination agent containing components such as cactus, methaqualone and aphid, and corn may choose a combination agent containing components such as cacta, ethalacium, peptol and aphid, for seed wrapping or blending。
It's a regular planting. The soybeans corn belt complex is suitable for 10-25 june. If the wheat harvest is suitable, it should be sowed immediately; if it is not enough, it should be sowed first. Mechanical sowing shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the protocol, before being extinguished and then sowed. Take a single-particle soak, with a depth of 3-5 centimetres, to ensure the depth and distance of the plant. Where conditions exist, drip irrigation and spraying can be carried out after soybeans and maize are planted, resulting in early seeding, full seedling and strong seedlings。
Grow fat and soak. A suitable machine shall be chosen for the sowing to be used to sow. The soybean acres are used as special fertilizers (npp∶k=12∶18=15) 10-20 kg. Nitrophosphorus-controlled fattening (n∶p∶k=2888∶888+n≥8%) in maize acres 40-50 kg. Fertilizers should be applied side by side to 8-10 cm below the seed. The application of fertilizers may be adjusted to take into account soil fertility。
Shrimp management
The period of soybean soybeans is the period of birth from flowering, maize from seeding to the ferocious. Production management should be targeted primarily at “breeding and building reasonable groups” and should effectively capture key technologies such as chemical weeding, disease prevention and treatment, periodic control and drought and flood control。
Chemical weeding. Chemical herbicides, which are suitable for pre-sowning seedlings, are selected for closed herbicides such as precision alachlor and dimethylpentrin. In areas where weeding is poor or unweededed, it is necessary to select specific herbicides, such as elixir and flusulfon herbide, during soybeans 2 to 3 times; and corn 3 to 5 times, with sulfon and fumigants, such as nisulfon. The plant is then weededed with physical curtains on the spray device, and soybeans and maize are administered in isolation, soybean and corn are protected against the harmful effects of drift. When choosing to treat herbicides, care should be taken to select herbicide varieties that are highly safe for neighbouring and lower crops。
Prevention of disease and pest treatment. Vegetables such as soybeans, beet night moths, corn moths such as tubers, two dotted night moths, and parrots. Targeted treatments may be used with such agents as thorium ether, etheracium, high-efficiency chlorocypermethrin, chlorothiochloramide and americium。
Timing control. The soybeans, by virtue of their fading length, can be sprayed with soybeans before the soybean branch blooms. Corn can be used for a single application, based on a long range of 7-10 leafs, for a wide range of agents, such as mesmerized vinyl, with moderate control over the high strain, enhanced resistance and improved group structure. Controlled voltage, leaks and random increases in the quantity of drugs are prohibited。
Drought and flood preparedness. The soybeans cropping season is less water-intensive and generally does not require water. However, if no effective precipitation is available after planting at the time of the raid and if the leaves are lost to heavy water, water should be poured in time to ensure that they are full and full. In the case of strong precipitation that forms the field, the canals should be drained in a timely manner in order to avoid the presence of a stain。
Medium-term management
The medium term refers to soybean guacamole and corn oak. Production management should focus on “increasing soybean soybean soybean grains and ensuring corny feet” and implement key technologies such as water fertilizer management and disease control and pest control, creating favourable conditions for later increases in the weight of grains。
Fertilizer management. Soybeans and maize require more water in the medium term, and when the soil contains less than 60 per cent of water, they should be watered immediately, so that small water can be watered instead of heavy water. In the case of strong precipitation, field water accumulation should be eliminated in a timely manner. In the case of fertilisation deficiencies, leaf-faced fertilizers such as urea and potassium phosphate should be applied in a timely manner to supplement nutrients, slow the aging of leaves and increase yields。
Prevention of disease and pest treatment. The medium-term is a critical period for pest control. In case of pests such as soybeans virus disease, foliage, beetle moths, slashed night moths, aphids, etc., and corn-sized plasters, rusty, brown plasters, corn troubles, cotton bell bugs, sticky worms, grassland night moths, etc., uniform treatment can be provided with a combination of formulations such as etheractone, phenylethrin, high-efficiency chlorocypermethrin, aphids, and chlorobenzomide. Green-control techniques should be actively promoted, with the placement of insecticidal lanterns to trap gold turtles, cotton bellworms, slashed night moths, etc。
Later management
The later stage is the period of soybean drums and the period of maturity of maize seed. Production management should be directed primarily towards “preventing early decay, promoting slurry, increasing the particle weight”, and key technologies such as pest control, leaf fertilization, water drainage and drainage should be captured to ensure the abundance and abundance of grains。
Pest control. Precise control and minimization of damage to major pests such as soybeans, smoke lice, heartworms, soybeans and corn rust, scabs and grassland moths。
Leaf fertilizing. The length of the leaf function is extended by the application of potassium phosphate, urea, etc., on the basis of a long-lived leaf, which increases the speed and weight of the slurry。
Water and water. The soybeans drum period and the maize grain period are critical periods for production formation and should be watered in time to prevent drought from affecting the slurries, in accordance with the conditions. In the case of strong precipitation that forms part of the field, it is necessary to remove water from the field in a timely manner, using such measures as mechanical drainage or ditch drainage。
The harvest
The soybeans corn belt complex is to be harvested during the soybeans and maize season. Rational allocation of machinery according to the order in which the soybeans and maize are matured and grown and the harvest is regulated over time。
Take corn and soybeans. The corn is harvested in ripening. The 4:2 model should select a two-line self-propelled maize harvester with a width of less than 1. 5 m and a three-line self-propelled maize harvester with a width of less than 2. 1 m. If soybeans are tilted or inverted, the corn harvester should be fitted with a scaffold。
First soybeans and then corn. Soybeans are all clean, and when they shake and sound, they harvest. The 4:2, 4:3 model shall select a self-defeating soybean soybean harvester with a width greater than 1. 4 m and a self-defeating soybean harvester with a width greater than 2. 45 m in the 6:3 model. In the event of a fall-down in the maize plant, the fall-down maize is manually cleaned before the soybeans harvest。
Soybean corn harvests at the same time. Soybeans and maize are mature and can be harvested separately from existing soybeans and maize harvesters。
