The temperate continental monsoon climate in jilin province, with long summer periods, high temperatures and heavy rains, is an ecologically appropriate area for soybeans and a major soybeans-producing area in the country. The selection of high-yield, high-quality new varieties of soybean in soybean production, the application of high-yielding cultivation techniques and the adoption of strong planting measures could significantly improve soybean production and high oil quality。
1 rational selection
Soybeans are more sensitive to changes in the external environment and are less adaptable to crops such as maize and sorghum, so that crop selection should be based on the natural characteristics of different regions and different methods of cultivation, with a reasonable choice of the varieties of soybean suitable for cultivation in the region. Such varieties as gyg60, gyk67, gyk72, gyg81, gyh1 and jiqing2 are suitable for cultivation in the south-eastern part of jilin province。
2 pairs in time, reasonable rotation
Soybean requirements for soil conditions are not very stringent, but high yields require the selection of deep, organic soil. Reasonable manipulation is the creation of a small climate environment that can be resistant to drought, floods and warming. The height is about 14-18 centimetres and the distance is 60-70 centimetres. Soybeans are the most taboo and hostile, usually resulting in a 20-30 per cent reduction in production. The most reasonable order of rotation in actual production is maize-toy- soybeans, with a reasonable rotation of more than three years。
3 sowing methods
3. 1 sowing period and sowing depth
The early and late soybean soybean planting time will have a direct impact on yields and should be operated on the basis of soil moisture and temperature, and the timing of soybean planting may be determined on the basis of the region's climate temperature, farming systems, etc. In addition, late and early seeding is timely, and early and late planting is timely. An average temperature of 8°c ~ 10°c measured at a depth of 5 cm and soil water content of 20% ~ 22% is most suitable for seeding. The suitable planting period for soybeans in the south-eastern region of jilin province was generally in late april-early may. Soybean soybean soybean seeding should be careful: it should generally be deeper on loose soils and shallow on compact soils; it can be lighter on soil and deeper when it is less. The general soybean soybean sowing depth is 4 to 6 centimetres, which makes soybean seedlings more difficult and leaves much of the soil and is prone to death. Lack of attention to sowing techniques and sowing depth can seriously affect soybean production。
3. 2 seed treatment
The seeding process should be preceded by artificial seed selection to remove disease particles, moths, small particles, granules and broken petals. Selected seeds should be ploughed in a timely manner, such as microbicides, blenders, clothing and so forth, to prevent underground pests and pests。
4. Cultivation density
It is important to adhere to the principles of lowness and thinness; lowness of late and early ripe varieties; and low and narrow distances. In the south-eastern region of jilin province, where frostless periods are long and fertilization levels are high, the two hundred and twenty-four thousand per hectare is generally the most appropriate. The narrow and dense plant is controlled at 380,000 to 420,000 hectares per hectare。
5 reasonable fertilization
In order to improve soil quality, soybean fields should ensure the application of organic fertilizer in farm households, which can be used as a one-off application for whole areas. In the application of fertilizer, care is taken to ensure a reasonable mix of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fat. The demand for soybeans for these fertilizers varies widely, but the role of soybeans in their growth and development is equally important and cannot be replaced by one another. The province of jilin generally uses a layered fertilization method, i. E., fertilisation of base fertilizers, which is applied in a shallow manner. The appropriate distribution is 75 per cent bottom and 25 per cent bottom. Fertilizers are applied to the seeds at 3-5 cm. Fertilizers are applied in a manner that prevents the burning of seeds by cutting taboos and co-loins. Bottom fertilizers are generally applied once throughout the field. Leaf fertilization can be carried out in the pre-growing period of soybeans and in the early stages of soybeans or drums when they are relatively weak。
6 strengthening field management and shoveling in due course
In the early stages of soybeans growth, artificial seedlings should be performed. When the first leaf of soy seedlings spread, the head was shoveled. When the sap is about 10 cm high, a second shovel is carried out. After 10 days, a third shovel was carried out. When soybeans are weak, soybean growth promotions should be used. The soybean growth inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodine benzo-acrylic acid can be sprayed to control the growth of fertile soil plots when soybeans grow too heavily。
7 prevention of pest and grass
7. 1 soil treatment of soya fields
Safe and efficient herbicides, such as acetamine, broad mirex, fluorol, and 2,4-dbutyl, should be used for soil treatment in soybean fields. Fifty per cent of the acetamine was administered 130-2000 ml prior to seeding, 20 kg of water, and in the case of soil wetting, was treated with a flat spray closure. For protection against broad-leave weeds, it can be used in combination with 2,4-d butyl ester or in broad mirex. The amount of the wide-spread antimechanical drug is controlled below 0. 7 kg/ha. Forty-eight per cent of fluorine cream, 80 ~ 110 ml per acre, sprays 25 ~ 50 kg of water and is applied twice in shallow mud. The soil mass, organic content, ph, moisture, etc. Should be measured prior to the use of soil herbicides and the dose used should be calculated scientifically。
7. 2 soybeans leaf treatment
Precise, elixir, bendersone, flusulfamide herbide, etc. May be used. In the case of large grasses in the field, the choice is between thin or elixir; in the case of large grasses, the choice is between bendasone or flusulfon herbide, or dichotomy with a mixture. Herbicides that are treated with muscular leaves need to be in the required concentrations to avoid adverse effects and generally have a better effect on weeds during the 2-3 leaf period。
7. 3 soybeans
Soybean aphids are commonly known as worms, insects and larvae. Most of them are concentrated in young parts, such as bean tops and young leaves, where sorbents cause foliage and premature fall, affecting yields. When soybeans dotted, 5%-10% of the leaf is planted in the field. When the acupuncture rate is more than 50 per cent, a pharmaceutical treatment should be carried out, using 40 per cent of acre 150 ml of lactation cream to spray water, or 10 per cent of acupuncture-wettable powder 2000-4,000 times the spray, or 50 per cent of acupuncture-net cream 1000-1500 times the spray。
7. 4 soybeans bug
The soy bean-eating heartworms peaked in mid-august. Control can be carried out on a rotational basis, with the selection of anti-worm, pre-cooked soybean varieties, in time for autumn rolls to kill winter larvae. During the gestation of the insects, 80 per cent of diachlorvos cream 100 - 150 ml per acre is cut up to 20 cm long with sorghum or corn torn up, with one end decorated into a pharmacist bar, with one end of the rod impregnated in the soybean field, with one line per 5 m from 4 - 5 m and an acre 40 - 50 bar. Or the enemy kills the cream with 30 to 50 ml of spray on water per acre, or 2. 5% kw emulsion with 300 ml of spray per hectare。
7. 5 soybeans cystic nematodes
The cystic nematode lies on soybean roots, directly to the root. There can be a rotational approach to prevention and treatment, and it will be difficult to deal with it. Cystic nematode disease is more severe, with more than three to five years of rotation with maize. Choosing to grow soybeans resistant to cystic worm disease. Increased application of manure to increase soil fertility to promote soybeans. Medicinal interventions can be arranged with specially designed clothing and can also be used to plant thiophos-methyl granules in a ditch, not only for nematodes, but also for underground pests. In addition to combating scavenger worm disease, root scabies can be prevented from being planted with soybean spasm agents of 2 per cent seed volume。
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