Garlic production is low, garlic is large and resistant to disease, and pre-term base and seed-backing are decisive. Garlic roots are shallow, low in root and concentrated in fat, and low pre-nutrient nutrients can lead to weak seedlings, yellow leaves, low fractions, and severe late-stage garlic inflate, while over-fertilization and imbalance in ratio can lead to burning roots, growing up, freezing in winter and increased pests. In the light of the high-yielding farming experience in the country's main production areas, standardized, ready-to-land bottom-fertilizer, seedling fertilizer and a full range of implementation programmes are being organized to adapt to the field and membrane-covered garlic cultivation model。
I. Core principles for pre-licensing
1. Restoring bottom and light application: garlic is long-lived, with bottom fertilizer accounting for 60-70 per cent of all fertility, supported by long-acting organic fertilizer, supported by fertilizer; it is mainly based on fast-activated nitrogen fertilizer, with a small number of complementary seedlings to avoid the growth of the vagrant youth。
Organic, inorganic mix: organic fertilization to improve soil, water protection to improve garlic quality; nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilization to provide growth nutrients during the seeding season, combined with micronutrient resistance。
3. Balancing fertilization, supply on demand: nitrogen and potassium phosphorus are required during seeding, with emphasis on calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron (in the case of garlic-sulphur crops, sulphur deficiency directly affects garlic swelling and spicy。
4. Steaming roots due to suitability for the ground and the lack thereof: the adhesive soil is highly fertile and is subject to a moderate increase in the amount of fattening。
Ii. Programme for the application of fertilizers for garlic seeding (pre-plant application, high production base)
Bottom fertility: improved soil structure, continuous supply of garlic seedlings, roots, leaf nutrients, adequate, strong and balanced seedlings, reserves of nutrients for winter, are the basis for the increase of garlic. All bottom fats need to be spread evenly and then cover 20-25 cm to mix the soil and avoid the concentration of the fertilizer to burn the roots。
(i) high-quality fields (border soil, above-average fertility, years of garlic cultivation)
Fertilisation ratio per acre:
1. Fertilized organic fertilizers: commercial decomposed goat dung, chicken dung, composting 2500 ~ 3000 kg/acre; or decomposed farmers ' fat 3500 ~ 4000 kg/acre. It is strictly prohibited to use undecompressed manure in order to prevent the burning of roots, the breeding of maggots and the generation of saplings。
2. Large amounts of elemental compound fertilizers: potassium sulphate composite fertilisers (15-15, 17-17-17) 40~50kg/acre. The use of potassium chlorinated compound fertilizers is prohibited because it results in poor root growth, low garlic and reduced quality。
3. Micro-element fattening: 10 ~ 15 kg/acre for garlic, with emphasis on sulphur, calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc, to effectively prevent yellow leaves, small leaves, rigid seedlings, and to reduce post-garbine malformations and hollowness。
4. Auxiliary antibacterizers: biobacterizers/stasis fungi fattening 20-40 kg/acre, improvement of soil population, suppression of endemic diseases (e. G. Root, tubular) and promotion of root activity。
(ii) infertile fields (sand land, newly uprooted land, fertile land)
Incremental fertilization ratio per acre:
1. Upgrading of decomposed organic fertilizers to 40000-5000 kg/acre to enhance soil fertility
2. Upgrade of potassium sulfate composite fertilizer to 50~60kg/acre
3. Maintenance of 15 kg/acre of meso-microfertilizers, which are normally applied to compensate for soil nutrient deficiencies。
(iii) salinity, slabs
1. To ban high-saline fertilizers and reduce the use of compound fertilizers to 35 ~40 kg/acre
2. Increased bioorganic fertilizer 80 ~ 100 kg/acre + decaying acid fertilizer 10 kg/acre, decomposition of soil, salinization
3. Sufficient supplementation of boron, zinc and sulphur to alleviate the serious deficiency barrier。
Iii. Garlic seed catch-up programme (after seeding until winter)
The core objectives of this phase are: to promote root systems, to strengthen seedlings, to protect against weak seedlings, to control the masters, and to ensure that young children are able to survive the winter and are not long or rigid. Fertilizers follow the principles of "early, light and trickery " , while membrane garlic is mainly flushed, dripped, and the field garlic can be soaked and watered。
(i) first sapling fertilizer: chip fertilizer (80% ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 2 ~ ~ ~
1. Fertilization time: 15-20 days after seeding, all seedlings will come out and be applied when the root system begins to placate
2. Fertilizing purposes: breaking the nutrient faults of the seeding period, promoting the growth of the necessary roots, enabling the rapid spread of leaves by the strong seedlings and avoiding yellow leaves and the weak
Fertilization (per acre):
Select high nitrogen velocity water soluble (30-10-10) 8-10 kg to flush or drip with water
Long, weak plots can add amino-fat fattening and quickly replenish nutrient seedlings。
4. Denunciation: at this stage, the application of high concentrations of potassium phosphorus is prohibited, the re-fertilization of nitrogen is prohibited, and roots are prevented from being burned and seedlings raised。
(ii) second moisture: fertilizing by winter (4-5 leaves, approximately 20 days before winter)
1. Fertilization time: late october-early november in the north and late november in the south, temperatures stabilized at best at 8-15°c
2. Fertilization purposes: to increase the size of leaves, to strengthen the roots of the force, to increase the capacity of the garlic to resist the cold, to accumulate nutrients and to increase its strength for the coming years
Fertilization (per acre):
Potassium sulphate high nitrogen compound fertilizer 15~20kg or balanced water soluble fertilizer 10~12kg
Long and strong plots are reduced to 10 kg to avoid pre-winter longing; long and thin plots are maintained to a sufficient level of application to balance slenderness。
(iii) fabrication (wholly assisted, anti-retroactive)
Shrimp periods combined with pest control and 2-3 leaf sprays to make up for the inhalation of the roots:
1. Spraying 0. 2% potassium phosphate + boron + zinc sequestered once for 10-15 days
2. Yellow leaves, hard-planted plots with amino-acid foliage, quickly recovering and increasing the resistance of young children to disease and to freezing。
Iv. Adaptation of different cultivation patterns
1. Membrane covering garlic
The membrane is protected by water, nutrients are not easily lost, bottom fertilizer is applied normally and seed weight is reduced by 20 per cent. The whole process is dominated by water soluble fertilization and drip irrigation, avoiding the application of chemical fertilizers leading to local over-concentration of burning seedlings, and prohibiting the flooding of large water。
2. Live open garlic
In the field, water is lost quickly, bottom is fully applied, seedlings can be applied to standard levels, and when applied, small and timely water can be used to promote fertilization solution and absorption, and dry weather can be used for several times。
V. Pre-grain fertilizer taboos and attention
1. Undergrounds are strictly prohibited: undefared chicken dung, sheep dung, farm fats are fermented and heated in the soil, with a direct burning of the seedlings, and the breeding of garlic mackerel and festery are the main causes of death。
2. Total ban on chlorine-containing fertilizers: garlic is a typical anti-chlorine crop, and potassium chloride and chlorinated compound fertilizer inhibit the respiration of the root system, resulting in early decomposition of the seedlings, aberration of the garlic and a decrease in yields。
3. Nitrogen fertilizers are not applied during the nursery season: a single application of nitrogen fertilizers can cause young children to grow mad, foliage is thin, resistance to cold, disease is significantly reduced, winters are extremely cold, and garlic is not swelled at a later stage。
4. Full mixing of fertile soil: bottom fats must be ploughed deep and mixed, seeds must be sowed in such a way as to avoid direct exposure to the fertilizer, with no less than 5 cm apart from the earth floor, and the burning of seed shortages must be eliminated。
5. Non-blind application of fertilizers after rain: soil water, wet saturation, prohibition of fertilisation, prone to root causes, fertilisation and subsequent defecation。
Vi. Summary of total production of fertilizers in previous periods
Garlic wants to be high-yielding, fatty, well-matched, strong, invincible。
The base of high production is established by a four-part formula for bottom fertilizers, “organic + balanced compound + medium micro + bacterial +”
2. A two-time light application of seedlings, with a pre- and post-crop growth to balance long and safe winters
3. Combining leaves with fatting, science and water control can effectively address the problems of weak seedlings, yellow leaves, freezing, diseases, etc., and provide a core guarantee for the expansion of garlic and the production of more extracts in the coming year。
