Many of the old farmers who grow in their homes all the years feel the same: garlic looks good, digs pits, makes garlic petals, covers the earth, is simple, and produces a small annual output. The same garlic, the same plots, the same fertilizing water, the next acre produced more than 2,000 pounds, worked hard for a year, the last acre was a thousand years old, the garlic was small and deformed and could not be sold。
A lot of people react first, and they think it's fertilizer that's not up to speed, or that it's a serious pest problem, and they're trying to get extra compound fertilizer, microbicides, and they spend a lot of money and they can't get up。
I'll tell you the truthSeed timeIt's too early to grow too late。
It's early, it's long before winter, it's tall and it's big, it's cold and it's cold. It's late, it's slow, it's weak, it can't grow before winter, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's slow, it's not big enough, it's not big enough, and it's thin. Whether it's an early planting or a further delay in planting, the end result is a reduction in production。
Today, using the big words that growers can understand, let's tell the story about the time that garlic is being planted, what the real harm is of being planted too early and too late, the best next window in different regions, and the main points of management that accompany the planting, all of which are field-based and dry, the new hands can use, suggesting that growers collect it。
First, understand the key to the growth of garlic: springing low temperatures
To find time to sow, it is important to understand the bottom pattern of garlic growth, which many farmers have grown for more than a decade。
To grow full of garlic, garlic must go through a process of cold springing。
Simplicitly translated into humans: garlic seedlings, which take some time to stay at low temperatures, and after a low temperature stimulus, the next spring will be able to divide the garlic, with normal rinding and garlic。
If the winter is not warm enough, the temperature is too short, springing is not complete, even if the water is fatter, garlic can only work with leaves, with no petals, and eventually with monolithic garlic and garlic, the yield falls。
But everything is one degree。
The saplings are already particularly tall before winter, with a large number of leaves and a growing plant, and the ability to withstand the cold has fallen dramatically. Several degrees below zero are frozen, leaves are frozen, roots are damaged, and growth is slow in spring。
The seeding is too late, the seeding is too small in winter, with only two or three small leaves, weak roots, too few nutrients to withstand cold freezing. Even if it survives the winter, the saplings of the spring period will not keep up, the late garlic-inflated window period will be compressed and production will not go up。
The timing of planting cannot be determined by simply looking at the number of months on the calendar and at the temperature of the core。
The most suitable surface temperature for sowing garlic in agricultural technology is 17 ~20 °c, with 5 cm earth temperature stabilizing below 20 °c, i. E., the period during which gold sowing takes place. Temperature has been above 22°c for a long time, and it must not be rushed。
We farmers grow land, we don't remember the hard times. Henan, shandong, jiangsu, hebei, shaanxi, the north and south are vast and have very different cooling times, and others are suitable to sow in mid-september. In the south, just in early october, blindly following others' schedules, it is easy to step on the pit to cut production。
Two, it's too early to sow garlic
Many farmers have the idea of early seeding, early seeding, fast growth, longer-term growth and higher yields。
This logic, corn and cabbage are fine, and it doesn't work on garlic. Early planting, short-term sightings of the green oils of the garlic seedlings, all of which are hidden in winter, is too late to repair when the problems of the spring are concentrated。
One, pre-winter, sapling, double the risk of freezing
When the temperature is still high, garlic is buried in the soil early in the morning, at the right temperature, with sufficient moisture and fast seeding. Before winter, garlic can grow up to six or seven leaves, over 30 centimetres tall, and it grows young and rich。
Garlic is long, cell juice is thick, cell walls are thin and cold-resistant. In the event of cold tides, the temperature falls rapidly to below 5°8°c, the freezing of cold frosts and large areas of the outer lobes are frozen and yellow and dry。
The leaves are a plant for the production of garlic nutrients, with a large number of functional leaves frozen to death, the stock of garlic seedlings consumed, and the rate of recovery was slow, and the overall strength fell off the team。
When the frost is severe, the heart leaves of garlic are damaged, the whole plant is frozen to death, there is a shortage of seedlings in the spring, there is not enough seedling in one acre and production is naturally reduced。
2. Early springing, prone to early stinging, reduced garlic
The seeding is premature, the temperature decline rhythm and the garlic seed growth rhythm are completely staggered. Garlic seedlings are large, cold temperatures are early and the process of cold springing is early。
Before the spring warms up, the flower sprouts were divided in winter, the temperature of the spring rose slightly, and the garlic ran early. Garlic extracts too early, and plant nutrients give priority to the growth of garlic, diverting large amounts of nutrients and leaving much of the nutrients to the underground garlic swelling。
It's a sign that the garlic is weak, the garlic is small, the garlic is loosely organized, yields are down, quality is down. Such pre-eating and post-fatilization water can be remedied with very limited effect and is irreversible。
Three. Shrimp disease
The high temperature at the time of seeding, the long-term temperature of the soil above 22°c and a slightly larger humidity coincide with the golden temperature of active reproduction of various types of endemic bacteria。
Garlic is fresh and young, and it is prone to root, tubular and yellow leaf diseases. Many farmers broadcast early plots of land, with large areas of yellow leaves, dry tipping points and roots immediately after winter。
High-temperature, high-humid environments are also characterized by a high incidence of vermin, maggots and maggots, eating fresh roots of garlic. The seedlings are damaged and their capacity to absorb water is reduced, and they become weaker and weaker。
In order to treat the disease, farmers are taking drugs over and over again to root, the cost of pesticides is increasing and it is difficult to cure, and garlic seedlings are in sub-health for a long time。
4. Overconsumption of nutrients during the winter and lack of energy after spring
Garlic sprouts grow and cold winters stop growing, but leaves continue to breathe and consume the raw nutrients stored inside the garlic petals。
The larger the seedlings, the greater the daily nutrient consumption. A winter came when the plant was emptied early, when it returned to youth without sufficient nutrients to bottom, while garlic was slow and weak。
The same fertilization management, with the return of the garlic that is being planted in a timely manner, has delayed the improvement of the early fields and has been unable to keep up with the high rates of garlic expansion in the middle and later stages。
5. Easy to produce secondary growth with garlic growing into "fruit garlic"
The temperature of early-run plots fluctuates significantly, the winter warms repeatedly, and garlic is dichotomy. Garlic swells up deformities, the garlic petals are disarrayded, the skin cracks open, which are commonly referred to as bread and garlic。
The garlic looks big, but it's loose, it's water-bearing, it's unsustainably stored, it's price-pressed by the collector, even if it's barely working, and it's sold at a very low price and its economic benefits are severely compromised。
Three: garlic is too late to sow, the same five lethal shorts
Since there's a lot of problems ahead, why don't we just do it later? The idea is equally extreme. The sowing has been slow, the temperature has fallen too low, and there is no less danger of reducing production than early transmission。
1. Slow, poorly developed and declining rates
Temperatures continue to decline, soil temperatures are below 16°c, and the growth rate of garlic is slowing down significantly. The lower the temperature, the slower the bud。
Ten days after planting, and even twenty days later, the seeding took place, and there was a wide gap between the time of seeding. Some have already grown in two leaves, others have just been shelled, garlic seedlings have varied in size, and later field management is difficult to harmonize。
The temperature is too low, some of the garlic petals are sleeping directly, rotting in the soil, with no seedlings, lack of seedlings in the fields, below-expected planting density, and acre production is limited from birth。
2. The winter is weak and resistant to cold bad
Standard growth indicator for garlic winter: 4-5 fully functional leaves are grown before winter, roots are developed, and prostheses are thick。
The seeding is too late to produce only 2-3 leafs before winter, small seedlings, small roots, shallow roots, little nutrients stored in the plant and very low resistance。
An ordinary frost can put a weak seedling in the cold. It is difficult to recover from the freezing of weak seedlings, and the proportion of dead seedlings remains high after spring。
Three, low-temperature spring time is not enough. There's a lot of garlic and petals. Bad
It's the worst thing that happens to the land。
Garlic has not grown enough to accept the physiology of the cold spring. The seedlings are too small to be able to properly complete the buds and sprouts。
In spring, the temperature rises, and the garlic can only grow leaves, and it's hard to divide the petals, all over the ground. The monolithic is low and the whole acre is falling. Even if it's barely split, it's a small amount of garlic and a small head。
Many farmers are disproportionately monolithic year after year, with fertilizer being used better and not yielding much, the root cause of this is the late planting and poor spring conditions。
4 - late return, the swelling window period was severely compressed
Garlic is sowed at the beginning of spring, returns quickly to green, starts with long leaves, then enters a full-blown period of garlic and grows。
It will take a great deal of time for the seedlings to grow at night and start the spring slowly, slowly and slowly, with roots and long leaves。
The north warms rapidly into the summer, and once the temperature continues to be above 26°c, garlic stops swelling and slowly moves to mature hibernation. Long periods of life have been reduced by hard labour, while garlic has not grown sufficiently and is forced to mature and harvest, with production ceilings locked to death。
5. Low utilization of water fertilizers and reduced efficiency
Small seedlings have weak roots and poor capacity to absorb fertilizers. Following the spring season, fertilizer is spilled into the ground, garlic seed is insulated, fertilizer is left in the soil, water is washed away, fertilizer is wasted, fertilizer costs are increased, and input output is low。
Iv. The best planting period for garlic in all parts of the country, by reference to home area
Once again, it is important to remind that the planting date is a reference, with priority given to a 5cm temperature stabilization of 17°20°c, and a reference to calendar time, that there is a difference in annual warming, with flexibility to advance or delay 5°7 days and not to die。
1, runan, lussinau (kingang, lamang, shandong-jin-jin-jun): september 20 - september 30, is the golden planting period. Temperature is slow to fall and can be delayed until early october, never before 15 september。
2. Sudong, sunnan (hangnan-opened, medium-profit garlic-producing area): 22 september-5 october; low temperature in the north, with appropriate lead times of 3-5 days。
3; supei, supei (in the garlic-producing areas of kanzhou): 25 september - 8 october。
4 hebei, south-west of the hill: 10 september - 25 september, the north cooled earlier, with the planting window coming forward。
5. Shaanxi-gwan central region: september 15 - end of september。
6. The yangtze basin, hunan, hubei and the north-west of the river: in early october — 20 october — the fall was slow and the seeds were sorely planted in september。
7/ south china has two wide areas, fujian, etc.: winter garlic, late october - mid-november planting, winter warm, and no fear of freezing, with emphasis on avoiding high temperatures。
In the north-east, the cold is high: in the spring, we sow garlic, and at the end of march-april, when the soil was unfrozen, there were no winter problems。
A simple summation: early in the morning and late in the morning and in the morning in the morning and in the morning in the morning in the morning and in the morning in the highlands; sandy land can be slightly earlier and sticky land can be delayed appropriately。
Sands spread quickly and the temperature declined faster, allowing for a few days in advance; the strong heat retention capacity of the adhesive land and the slow return of the temperature required an appropriate delay in planting。
Five, we're gonna have to make sure we're ready for planting
Even if the planting time is just right, the accompanying management will not keep pace and will not achieve the desired output. The following are some of the lessons learned by garlic farmers。
No, no, no, no, no, no. Land
Two to three days before the planting, the garlic jars were laid open, the sun was not tanned, the sun was scattered and the hibernation broke. There is a strict separation of garlic petals, which are sowed separately, not small or small, with different speeds of seeding, and with different sizes。
Remove the dry skin, but not the root of the bottom of the garlic plate, and avoid the rooting of the damage. The seed can be mixed with a blend to prevent maggots, earth-borne diseases during seeding, followed by dry seeding。
Two, take control of the seed depth. Deep is critical
Garlic sowing depth, which is 2. 5-3 centimetres of dust is the most appropriate。
It's too deep, it's hard, it's thin, it's too shallow, it's cold in winter, it's bare and it's garlic。
Cultivation, with a reasonable temperature change and a smooth discharge, is not easy to accumulate, and most of the main production areas now recommend planting。
3 - base fat is dominated by organic fat, and nitrogen fertilizer precuts
Fertilized bottom-dependant farmers are fed with compound fertilizers, trace element boron and sulphur fertilizers are essential, and garlic is a sinus crop。
Don't waste too much nitrogen, too much nitrogen, too much garlic pre-winter wild, just in time for the early broadcast, and the risks of freezing are running high. Potassium nitrophosphorus is applied equally, with strong roots, rather than plowing garlic。
Iv. Elements for poverty reduction resources
The soil is soaked with water, the water is soaked and the soil is stable. After watering, the soil surface is slightly dry and the membrane is immediately covered。
The membrane can keep warm, contain weeds, raise the temperature in winter and guarantee the safe passage of garlic. After the seedlings are released, the artificial defacement is performed in a timely manner so that the garlic is not roasted in the membranes。
Five, pre-winter seedling standards, timely control
The planting time is right, the water fertilizer is well managed, and the winter standard is strong: 4-5 leafs, 0. 6 ~0. 8 cm for the prosthesis, well-established, whole-grown, incomparable and small。
In the event of warm autumns, high temperatures, excessive growth of garlic seedlings, the presence of large and growing seedlings, moderate water control, light dose control, when necessary, moderate adjustment of strength and preparation for freezing。
6 winter management, return to fertilisation let's go
Pre-frozen water is improved and soil temperature is improved. The winter doesn't require a lot of extra fat。
The spring temperature is rising steadily, the garlic seed is green and the fat is replenished. Garlic dichotomy, garlic swelling periods, abundant water fertilizer, combined with leaf spraying of boron fertilizers and potassium phosphate, contribute to the expansion of braids。
Vi. A few of the faults that farmers can most easily step into, one-off
Zone one: early seed can be sold in the morning at high prices。
A large number of farmers want to sow early, have garlic and sell it first. In the early autumn years, the early years of the airing of garlic are long, the frost is cold, the early days of smoking follow, and the poor quality of garlic, even if it comes early in the market and the buyers press prices, will not be paid。
Zone 2: a little later doesn't matter. A little more fertilizer will come back。
Shrimp is a critical window for the rooting and springing of garlic, the base of the shrunk season is not well-established, and the subsequent pursuit of fattening can only be slightly improved, and it is difficult to repair congenital defects from the root causes, which is half the work。
Zone three: every year we fix the day we grow garlic, and climate change doesn't matter。
The climate varies from year to year, with some years cold early in autumn to other years when tigers are stuck. It is important to observe the current temperature and to adjust the planting time flexibly。
Wrong four: just looking at production, ignoring garlic quality。
Growing early and easy garlic, pre-smoking pastries; planting late and large amounts of monolith. Even with little weight, the overall returns are low, with low rates of completion of the garlic product and poor purchase prices. The fields, the production and the quality of both。
Growing land itself is to eat, but not passively. Temperature, air-conservation, soil conditions, we have clear patterns, and the most suitable planting window period is the least-input and most effective means of increasing production. Fertilizers and pesticides are merely remedial measures and the selection of planting times is the first step towards high levels of garlic production。
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