Sphinx in the fungus: scientific operating guidelines and increased production keys
Left
Pyramid oxygen is a key technical component of the fung culture stage of mushroom surrogate and has a significant impact on the production and quality of mushrooms, especially in low- and medium-temperature and late-literate varieties. Through physical punctures, improve the oxygen supply within the bag, remove the carbon dioxide and other waste gases generated by the fuses, and stimulate their transformation from nutritional to reproductive growth, with the effect of acupuncture and acupuncture. Mistimed punctures, over-tightened piercings or subsequent management failures are highly likely to cause economic loss, such as contamination of the baptism bag, high temperature “breeding” or failure to produce mushrooms, bursting mushrooms, malformations and mushrooms。
One, puncture time
The timing of the piercing is generally judged by the biological maturity of the fungus in the bag and the temperature of the environment。
1) mystic maturity requirement. Young in-chuck, among others, studied the effects of different puncture times on the growth of l808 mushrooms and their mushrooms, and found that at the end of the fungus, post-tumours were treated at the earliest and highest levels, during the chromosomal period, at the earliest, at the lowest, and at the highest level of total production and commodity mushrooms. When the mycelium is basically full (from 1 to 2 cm in diameter to the bottom of the bag) and the body of the mycelium is hardened, and there is an irregular rise in the surface (mammary filament), it is shown that the mycelium has fully accumulated nutrients into the stage of biological maturity, and this is the best time for the first puncture。
The first puncture is normally performed when the inoculation of a pore with a pax or a duct tape seal reaches 6-8 cm in diameter. If it is not sealed or sealed in a bag, it can be appropriately delayed until the inoculation of a lace of mybs is connected together。
2) temperature requirements. Temperatures of the environment 3 to 5d are critical when and after puncture holes. The puncture hole at 15-25°c should be selected for stable weather conditions. The temperature is less than 15°c, the fungus is weak, the recovery is slow and the effect is poor, and should be very high after the fullness of the fungus and 30% after the growth of the fungus; the temperature is appropriate (20-25°c), 7 d after the fullness of the fungus; if the temperature is slightly higher (26-28°c) and when the number of bacterium rods is large, a series of punctures can be found in the same culture or in the same studio. Pistol holes are strictly prohibited at temperatures above 28 °c, especially when they exceed 30 °c。
3) number of puncture holes. When considering the timing, soft and hardness of planting bags, the timing and yield of mushrooms, and the rate of high-quality mushrooms, etc., combined, they are considered to work best at three punctures, when they are connected to the post-vaccinating fungus coil, over half of the fungus coli, and the bag is full of silk and partially tumoured. Reveyton et al., under conditions of cultivation at the le18-1 mushroom facility, introduced a puncture method, which also obtained good yield and quality when the mycel was full of bags。
Two more puncture holes were used in production. For the first time, a shallow puncture of 6 cm in diameter or more, a small puncture, a small puncture, a second puncture, increasing the number and depth, and a large puncture, when the fungus returns to growth, when the bag warms up (5-7d in the back of the bag, or when the fungus tumour grows to 60%)。
2 number, depth and location of punctures
The quantity, depth and position of the puncture holes are directly related to the oxygen enhancement effect and the water retention capacity of the fungus bags, subject to precision control based on the size of the bag, the condition of the culture, the variety, etc。
1) number of puncture holes. The principle is “to be small and to be divided”。
1 perforated, 40 to 50 holes behind mybs, an aperture of 4 mm and 2. 5 cm deep。
Two puncture holes, one with a thin wire or toothpick, one with a flat circle (4-6) of 0. 5-1 cm deep, aperture 2 mm, and the second with 40-60 in the atmosphere, 5 mm in the aperture and 2 cm in the edge of each inoculation。
(c) 80 holes, with an aperture of 5 mm and 5 cm, when the bag is full of myctic silk and partially tumoured。
2) pistol depth. The principle is “deep inside and out”, designed to pierce the filament of the fungus, as well as 0. 5 to 1. 0 cm in the micro-input, with deep wounds and the other side of the bag. The inside of the bag is thick and thicker (1. 5 - 2 cm) in order to get some air; the outside of the bag and the holes on both ends of the bag are lighter (0. 5 - 1 cm). Specifically, adjustments should be made to the specific characteristics of the bacterium rods, with wet-tightly-tightly-stabbing, deep-stabbing, dry-dip-tip-tip-tip-tip-tip-tip-tip-tip。
3) position of the piercing. It is evenly distributed on the side of the bag, avoiding inoculation and the bag interface to avoid intrusion of the fungus; all puncture holes should be 1 to 2 cm from the edge of the fungus and should not touch new materials; on the part of the fungus, the fungus and tumours should be avoided and the fungus spread or damage to the fungus should be prevented; and on the space of both ends of the fungus, the body of both ends of the bag is susceptible to water accumulation, which can be duly poached。
3 post-probate management
The fungus after the puncture enters the booming stage, and the management focus is heat dispersion, wet control, ventilation, especially strengthening the management after the puncture 3-10d。
1) temperature management. The high temperature is the main factor behind the bad bag behind the piercing hole and requires close attention. The temperature in the post-probation fungus bags rises sharply, reducing the number of stacks, changing from a pre-probate “well” font to a triangle (up to five layers) and increasing the spacing of the bags. The temperature in the shed must be kept below 25 °c (22-23 ° good and as constant as possible), with close monitoring of the inter-portal temperature (the temperature of 2-3 d fungus rods rises rapidly after puncture holes, above 5 °c above room temperature) and, once the central temperature of the rod is close to 28 °c, the ventilation cooling needs to be increased immediately to 18 to 22 °c。
2) humidity management. The relative humidity of the air should remain at 60 to 70 per cent after the puncture and until the foundation is formed. Wet through high (>80%) perforation is susceptible to bacterial infections and low (<50%) leads to water loss in the bag。
3) ventilation management. Increased ventilation and maintenance of fresh air in cultivation sites should be avoided as a result of excessive water dispersion due to direct blow-outs of bacterium bags. It is possible to reduce co2 concentrations and temperatures in the fungic chambers by cycling between 1 and 2 h at a time of morning and evening by means of regular ventilation and midday breeze cycles. If the temperature in the shed exceeds 22°c, the frequency and duration of ventilation may be increased. Every check in the shed must open the door for ventilation and then enter to ensure safety。
4) light management. After the puncture, the sun is prevented from being straight, and even dispersing light is increased, as appropriate, in order to induce the sprain to form the foundation. According to liu yang's study of the conditions for the transchrome of the mushroom rod no. 1, the best environmental conditions are 20 °c, 300 lx of light strength, 85 % humidity and 54 puncture holes。
5) rewind. After the piercing, the bag temperature is checked on a daily basis and the stacks (up and down, inside and outside, changing the bag position for light operation, avoiding a strong vibration irritation and bursting the mushrooms) are mixed and distributed. Contaminated boulders, such as green mold, were found to be isolated in time, spraying 5 per cent of lime water or 500 times more liquid than crogling。
4. Treatment of matters and anomalies
4. 1 pump preparation
1) checking of fungus bags. Before the rod is punctuated with oxygen, 0. 1% of the external surface is sterilised with new jel or 75% alcohol. Rigid or unsatisfied weak, sick bags are strictly removed. Micro-infections of bacterial rods, which can be placed in the shed or buried deep in the ground, create low-temperature oxygen-free environments to restore normality, or partially inject microbicides into ventilating, dark light isolation. The fungus, which has been infected, must be packed in plastic bags and gently removed。
2) weather selection. Choosing a clear weather hole with a stable temperature of 3-5 d in the future without a high temperature recovery。
3) environmental and tool disinfection. In front of the pier, 1d sprayed the floor and walls with lime water against the piercing site (sroom shed or special room), or fumigated or sprayed with disinfectant. The piercing tool is completely disinfected with 75 per cent alcohol or potassium permanganate solution, with 50 rods per piercing every time to prevent cross-infection。
4. 2 fine operation
1) soft operation. (b) avoiding severe puncture on the other side of the bag film or the vibration of a significant injury to mycelium。
2) divisional operations. According to the manpower situation, the immediate evacuation and management of the stabbings were completed in order to prevent the prior stabbing of the stabbing bags from accumulating heat。
3) be flexible for different situations. For varieties that are prone to mushrooms, such as wuxiang 1, 931 and gyeongko 20, the punctures can be stingy and shallow; for varieties that are not fungus, such as 908, 9608, etc., they can be slightly deeper. The thicker the material, the lower the oxygen content of the bag, the lower the oxygen content, the slightly more and deeper the body of the material, the closer it is to the surface, the more loose the bag is not able to pierce and the thin membrane cannot be carried, the smaller the puncture is so shallow that it does not reach the raw material to avoid the infection of the raw material, and the distinctly integrated position of the two strains is not suitable for puncture。
4. 3 treatment of anomalies
1) bacillus contamination. Pistols operate in an unclean or tool-borne environment, the rod itself is undetected, the post-pore fungus explodes from the mouth, and high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation lead to mold in the mouth or on the surface of the bag. Speculative contamination should be detected immediately by removing the fungus bag from the mushroom shed and painting the contaminated sites with thick lime or 75 per cent alcohol, and by increasing the ventilation of the mushroom shed to dehumidize; if the contamination is severe and the area contaminated exceeds one third, the rods should be removed from the shed and buried or burned。
2) bacillus. The temperature of the post-stabbing boulders rose sharply and continued to exceed 30°c, even with the burning of hands, resulting in yellowing, atrophy, death and acidic aroma, and should be ventilated immediately and cooled down to the ground, wall and snorting wells (which cannot be sprayed directly against the bapts) inside the shed, suspending puncture operations。
3) the coloring anomaly. Due to insufficient light, low temperature (below 15°c), excessive water loss and dry surfaces, it is difficult to form a normal tan-coloured fungus, which can increase dispersing light, increase the temperature of the shed to 18 - 24°c and increase air humidity to 75% - 85% due to proper spraying. The bacterium, which is caused by excessive light, strong direct light or high temperature water scarcity, is rapidly aging, too dark to be coloured and too thick, increasing the dilution of the sun-shield, avoiding direct light, increasing air humidity, softening of the fungi, and enhancing ventilation, as appropriate, by spraying water into space and the ground。
4) mycelius. Air moisture is chronically above 85 per cent and there is inadequate ventilation, or lack of effective temperature differential stimulation, leading to dense white silks growing around puncture vents, which are difficult to change, which can increase ventilation time, reduce the surface humidity of the rods, increase dispersing light, increase day and night temperatures to 8-10°c, and induce a shift from nutrient to reproductive growth。
5) early appearance of mushrooms or deform mushrooms. If you move too early after a puncture or tap a bicep, experience a high temperature differential when the blubber is premature, or if the blubber is overwatered and the surface is too dry to inhibit the growth of the young mushrooms, if you have not yet done so, then there will be mushrooms squeezed out of the puncture or the form of mushrooms that grow irregularly, so that the mushrooms can appear too early. Reed removal, reduction of vibration, maintenance of appropriate air moisture during base formation, and prevention of deformity of young mushrooms. The biological maturity of the fungus was found to be insufficient, and mushroom management should be stopped and pre-cooked。
