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Once a year, when it comes to the cold and the frost, the old rules of farming in rural areas come, which is also the most critical window period for growing vegetables and groceries in the autumn and winter. The old people used to sayPeasPeasThe old saying is not to say that it is the experience of several generations of farmers in the field of time, time, land, productivity and illness。
Many farmers grow in the autumn and winter with a painful spot: land that is idle and wasted, single beans or single peas, with only one acre of land a year, with limited benefits; and monocropping, with poor ventilation and ill conditions, severe flowers and never yielding。
Today, you will be given a full range of planting techniques for the decomposition of mussels and peas, ranging from seeding times, plant principles, field layouts, water fertilizer management, pest control, and harvesting techniques. The whole journey was a ground-to-ground exercise, with no false theory and direct application by ordinary farmers, balcony gardens and home-planting, with a real harvest of two acres in the autumn and winter, without idleness, effort or high output。
I. Why is the frosting a golden period for peas
Many people can't grow beans, peas, and the problem is the timing. Early plantings, high temperatures, long autumns and winters, long winters, cold winters, cold winters, freezing deaths, early flowering in the coming year have led to a substantial reduction in production; late plantings, low temperatures, slow and weak seedlings, weak roots, long springs, low twigs, seed grains。
In combination with the north-south climate and official guidelines for agricultural techniques, frostfall (in mid-october) is the best planting period for peas in most parts of the country。
In the shallow hills, plains and southern regions, planting before and after the fall of 20 october is the most appropriate; high-altitude mountain areas can be duly advanced until late september to ensure that seedlings take root before winter. This is a time period in which seedlings are planted, temperatures are gradually decreasing, temperatures are low, seeds are well-sown, young children are robust, do not grow, and winter resilience is extremely high。
Moreover, mussels and peas are a soybean crop with a high degree of habitivity, cold tolerance, infertileness and adaptability, and very few pests and pests in low-temperature autumn and winters。
Ii. High- and low-level core principles: why do they increase output and become less ill than single ones
A lot of people wonder if the two beans grow together and compete for nutrients and influence each other
On the contrary, rationally high and low varieties are complementary growth that does not conflict with each other, but rather result in a two-way increase in production, which is also the core advantage of the cultivation method that has been in circulation for many years。
First, the two crops are stratified at a high level and form a natural stereoculture structure. The mussels are small, strong and robust, and the peas are chicken-rich, soft and creeping. After the plant, the beans are down, the peas are on top, and the distribution is high and low。
First-level advantages: complementarity of light and doubling of light utilization. Single beans, with open fields and waste of light; single peas, with thick leaves, heavy shades of light and poor ventilation. High- and low-level seedlings are followed by high-altitude peas, high-altitude luminescences, low-level musk beans receiving dispersive light growth, whole fields without a dead end of light, and all the plants are fully luminous and naturally more dynamic。
Second-level advantage: ventilation, significant reduction of disease. Eighty per cent of the crop's fall and winter ills are caused by depression, high humidity and lack of ventilation in the fields. High- and low-spectrum penetrating structures that allow the air to circulate in the fields, rapid evaporation of water after rain, rapid spread of moisture, reduction of high-prevalence diseases such as pollinosis, rusty disease, crèche disease, root decay, reduction in the number of drugs administered and better quality of beans planted。
Third level advantage: root layer, no nutrients. The root of the musk is deep, mainly absorbing deep soil nutrients; the root of peas is shallow and concentrated in the surface of the soil. Instead of competing for water fertilization resources, the two crops are able to take full advantage of soil fertility and not waste land nutrients。
Level four advantages: natural support, labour cost savings. Peas and chickens are soft, and single species must be man-made, and acre-based labour and materials costs hundreds of dollars. Following the plant, the hard and straight-on-beans plant, which is the natural pedestal of peas, the entanglement of peas with vines and vines torn around them, has significantly reduced the cost of planting, which is the most intuitive cost-saving advantage。
In addition to this, the soybean crop has its own nitrogen-fixed root tumor, which can improve the soil, increase its strength and grow more fatter. It also inhibits the growth of weeds in the field, reduces the amount of weeding work, and actually produces multiple effects in terms of province, labour, savings and increased production。
Iii. High- and low-spectrum layouts of peas, precise sizes, immediate replicas
Speculation is not random, the layout is unreasonable and the disease is reduced. In the context of agro-technical norms and the field experience of farmers, standardized crop sizes have been developed, suitable for large fields, vegetable gardening, controllability, high productivity and steady yields。
1. Groundbreaking requirements
Peas are the most afraid of sapling water, whether in the drylands or in paddy fields, before planting, they must do well to open a ditch。
Deep-dry soil, shredding of earth, cleaning of weeds, and lax soil for seedlings. In daejeon, it is proposed to open a ditch with a standard surface of 4 metres wide, a ditch of 30 to 40 centimetres wide and 20 to 30 centimetres deep, and a field girdle of 50 centimetres deep, ensuring rapid drainage after the rain and preventing the accumulation of water。
In the case of a small family garden, it is not necessary to have a strict compartment, but only to raise a small high and open a shallow ditch to avoid low-lying water。
2. Precision seeding specifications (specific high and low)
The layout and ventilation are best done using a segregated, short spacing pattern:
• a single 60-centimetre line distance with a range of 30-35 centimetres, which is condensed and uncrowded
• bean seeding at depths of about 8 cm, with large seed particles, deep-seated and cold-resistant
• peas are seeded at a depth of about 5 cm, with small seeds, with light airing fast and full
Standardized ratio per latency: 3 mussels + 3 peas, balanced, long synchronous, without one crop suppressing the other。
Scrolling techniques: the old rural saying, "scotch peas, a pile of ash" is very practical. Following the planting of the dens, a piece of corroded grasswood ash is spread in each of the dens, evenly mixed with the subsoil, both to supplement potassium fattening, to prevent disease and to avoid direct seed exposure to fertilizer burning, and to significantly increase the rate of seedling and sitting。
3. Pre-treatment of seeds, all-emergence, all-emerging, all-emerging and all-emerging diseases shit
Many people sow mixed seedlings and many weak seedlings, neglecting seed treatment. Two simple steps to significantly improve seed quality:
First, the sun. The sun is chosen for two to three days, three to five hours a day, before planting, to effectively kill the seed surface fungus, break the seed sleep and produce the seed faster and better。
Second, blend. Peas can be ploughed with ammonium molyte, peas can be ploughed with multibacterium, and can be used in a standardized, safe and non-residual manner, effectively preventing root and adhesive disease and nurturing strong seedlings。
Iv. Scientific water management, long, number, bill bill
Water fertilizer management for peas, core principles: heavy bottom fertilisation, light seed fertilisation, heavy flower fertilisation, excessive nitrogen fertilisation during seeding, and avoidance of long-standing strains。
1. Bottom fertilizer: growing up in the field and laying the foundations for high productivity
Bottom fertilizers are the key to high crop yields and must be supported by organic fertilizers。
Per acre, about 1,000 kg of manure per growner, with a balanced combination of 20 to 30 kg of manure, 15 to 25 kg of calcium perphosphate, a small amount of potassium fat, and deep tillage into the soil. Sufficient bottom fertilizer meets the demand for both crops for pre-growth, with well-developed seedlings, strong stasis and stronger winter resistance。
Ii. Shrimp management: controlling the growth of seedlings and preventing the growth of animals
When seedlings are produced, there is no need for frequent pursuit of fattening and the soil is not watered without drought. The focus of the seed season is to keep the leaves from being long and empty。
When the seedling grows to three to four leaf leaves, the seedlings are detected in a timely manner, the seedlings are removed, and the strong seedlings are kept in each den. When the mussels grow to five to six leafs, the heart breaks to the top in a timely manner, breaking the top edge, promoting the growth of the side branches, and the more branches, the greater the number of late-term custards。
3. Precipitation during flower season: key to production growth, full seed grains
When the spring warms, the peas enter the peak of the flowering herbs, which is also a critical period for fattening, resulting in the drop of flowers and the drying of seeds。
The use of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced at this time, mainly by potassium phosphate. Calcium phosphate 10 to 15 kg per acre and potassium fat 5 kg。
The application of 0. 3 per cent potassium phosphate + 0. 2 per cent boroct solution on the frontal leaves, with one spraying at 10-day intervals and two series of sprayings, can significantly reduce the fall of the bouquet and increase the sling rate. A second potassium phosphate is sprayed during the slurry period to fill the soybean grains with larger beams and to significantly increase their yield and shape。
4. Water management: dry flowers and wet tatters, drought taboos
The principles of “drying and moisting during seeding” are followed. In the fall and winter periods, drought and drought are resistant, so long as the drought is not severe and water is not necessary. The moderate drought can take root in deep-seated conditions; during the flowering season, water is required in large quantities, the soil is moist, and water scarcity leads to falling flowers and falling yields。
During the rainy season, it is essential that the ditches be cleared in a timely manner, that water from the fields be discharged quickly and that the humidity of the fields be exceeded, and that fungal diseases be easily induced。
V. Green pest prevention and control, with less drug use, high quality and zero production reduction
Peas are inherently well ventilated and the incidence of disease and pests is more than 60 per cent lower than that of individual species, with routine prevention, with little risk of severe outbreaks of disease and pests, and a green control model for the entire journey。
High incidence and prevention
High incidences of muscular bean: chromosomes, rusty, viral diseases; high incidence of peas: powder, roots, brown spots。
Prevention core: high-carriage planting, timely drainage, cleaning of weed leaves and maintenance of ventilation。
In the early stages of the onset of the disease, drugs are used to treat diseases such as leukemia, lignoma and dyson manganese zinc; powder and rust are treated with trithon; the disease focuses on early control of aphids, cutting off the source。
High incidence and control of pests
The main pests are aphids, soybeans, mussels and tigers。
Physical control: placing yellow sheets in the field to trap flying insects, laying silver ash membranes to avoid aphids, low cost and green safety。
Medicinal control: aphids are treated with aphids and anti-sortium; soybeans, mussels are sprayed with high-efficiency chlorocypermethrin, avimectin is sprayed, used in strict compliance with the standard concentration, and no drugs are used until they are collected to ensure food safety。
3. Weeding management
When the soil is sowed, weeding can be closed and the application of a compliance closed herbicide can be used to inhibit the growth of weed. The seedlings are long-lived and small amounts of weeds can be uprooted manually, avoiding weed competition for water fattening and covering the light。
Vi. Two harvest times + real yield gains, visible gains
The greatest advantage of this high- and low-spectrum model is that it matures and collects in batches, that one acre is a steady year-on-year, that the land is not idle all year round, and that the returns are double those of a single species。
1. Timing
The bean matures earlier than the second half of the following april, and the pea matures later in the year, with the harvest staggered in mid-may, without delay and easier to manage。
Real yields and benefits (farm household measurements, agrotechnical verification data)
Single beans: fresh acres produce between 1,200 and 1,500 kg, market acquisition prices are stable and acres have a net income of between 2,500 and 3,500 yuan
Single peas: fresh acres produce between 1,000 and 1,300 kg, the market for fresh peas is in high demand and the acres have a net income of around $3,000
High- and low-single pattern: the two crops are slightly complementary and yield is almost non-defeating, with a combined acre net income of between $5,000 and $6,500, well above any single crop。
Also, at the end of the harvest, peas' straws can be rolled back directly to the fields as green fertilizers to improve the soil's organicity, to accumulate capacity for the next season, to combine land for cultivation and to sustain steady yield growth。
Compare traditionAutumn and winter plantingWheat, barley, an acre, with a value of only $5,600, yields 5 to 10 times more than traditional crops, and is the best option for raising land in autumn and winter, whether home-grown, small gardening or daejeon-sized。
Vii. New recruits' common error zone
1. Overstretching: the higher the yield, the greater the number of people who feel it is, the more dense it is, the greater the ventilation, the greater the disease, the lower the number of plasters, and the fact that it can be grown at strictly standard line distances
2. Fertilization during seeding: excessive nitrogen fattening during seeding, long leaves without flowering and curvature, with pre-control and post-compensation critical
3. Do not take care of the top: do not hit the top of the bean, dots are long and small, the number of tungstens is reduced by half directly, and seeding is a necessary step for increasing production
4. Water is not drained in the fields: 90 per cent of the rotten roots, dead seedlings and outbreaks of disease are caused by the accumulation of water, which must be followed by the timely discharge of trenches
5. Single variety cultivation: abandoning herd advantages, wasting land resources, and significantly reducing yields and benefits。
Topical interaction
I'm going to finish thisSet of techniquesAre you going to try this planting pattern this year? What are your practical, old experiences and little techniques for bringing down beans from your local frost? Welcome to the comment area to share messages and share land-drying. Love the three-farmer technique, keep abreast of it and keep up to date
Disclaimer
It is based on publicly available information on agrotechnologies and agricultural household experience and does not constitute a commitment to absolute crop yields。
