When anxiety attacks and emotional distress, psychology has prepared ten keys for you — from subconscious exploration to rethinking of thinking, from body consciousness to mind. The problem in your hand is probably the psychological door to a waiting door。
I. Psychoanalytical schools: mining subconscious icebergs
Representative: freud, jung, adler
Core propositions:
Human behaviour is subconscious and childhood experiences shape personality。
The psychological problems stem from untreated repressed conflicts (e. G. Sexual instincts, aggression)。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. Ligua: all emerging ideas are expressed in the patient's relaxed state and consultants analyse potential conflicts。
2. The interpretation of dreams: reveal subconscious desires through dream symbols (e. G. Symbols, replacements)。
3. Migration analysis: handling patients ' emotional projection of counsellors (e. G. Projection of fathers ' image on counsellors)。
Application issues: chronic depression, personality disorder, childhood trauma。
Ii. Humanism: focusing human self-fulfilment
Representative: rogers, maslow
Core propositions:
The human nature and psychological problems stem from the conflict between “real self” and “ideal self”。
The need for concerted and unconditional positive attention was stressed。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. Visitors ' centre therapy:
Counselors do not take the lead in guiding patients to self-awareness by listening to and being in touch (e. G. “do you feel misunderstood?”)。
Rejection of evaluation and creation of a secure environment。
2. Existingist therapy: helping patients face the meaning of life, freedom and responsibility。
Application issues: low self-esteem, loss of meaning in life, barriers to relationships。
Iii. Cognitive behavioral school (cbt): changing thinking, changing behaviour
Representative: ellis, baker
Core propositions:
Emotions and behaviours are determined by cognitive (ideology) and irrational beliefs lead to psychological problems。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. Abc model:
A (incident) b (conscience) c (emotional/behaviour)。
Example: interview failure (a) says, "i'm worthless" (b) depression (c)。
Cognitive reconstruction: identifying and challenging irrational beliefs (such as “i must be perfect”)。
Behavioural experiments: test negative predictions by practice (e. G. “if i fail in socialization, others laugh at me”)。
Questions of application: axiety, coercion, depression。
Iv. Activism: reshaping the retroactivity of conditions
Representatives: watson, skinner, bandura
Core propositions:
Behavior is acquired and can be changed through reinforcement/punishment。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. System desensitization: gradual exposure to fear irritation (e. G., a person who is afraid of heights looks at images of buildings before standing on the balcony)。
2. Disgusting therapy: linking bad behaviour to experience of pain (e. G. When alcoholics take drugs, they vomit)。
3. Social skills training: learning communication skills through role-playing。
Application issues: fear, addiction, child behaviour。
Format tower school: integration of “unfinished events”
Representative: pierce
Core propositions:
People need psychological integrity, and unexpressed emotions (e. G. Unsaid anger) continue to affect the moment。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. Technology for empty chairs: to allow patients to act as objects of conflict to empty chairs (e. G., deceased relatives) and to release depression。
Responsibility: lead patients to replace “i must” with “i choose” (e. G. “i choose to work overtime” rather than “the boss forces me”)。
Questions of application: interpersonal conflict, chronic guilt, emotional depression。
Vi. Post-modernism: deconstruction, recasting narratives
Representative: michael white (dissemination), steve de chazer (focus on short-term treatment)
Core propositions:
The psychological problems stem from the “dominant narrative” of sociocultural construction, and individuals have the capacity to redefine their own stories。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. Narrative therapy:
It's like, "depression is the visitor that bothers you, not you."。
Help patients rewrite positive life stories (e. G., “how did you do it three times overcoming depression?”)。
2. Focus on short-term treatment (sfbt):
Focus on solutions rather than problems (e. G. “if the miracle happens tonight, the problem disappears, what changes do you notice?”)。
Application issues: post-traumatic growth, crisis of self-identification, conflict of family relationships。
Vii. Yungo analytical psychology: exploring collective subconscious
Representative: jung
Core propositions:
A collective subconscious exists outside the individual subconscious (e. G. Prototype: hero, shadow, anima/anims)。
Psychological counselling methods:
Positive imagination: dialogue between drawings/dreams and subconsciouss (e. G. Drawings of mandolo to integrate inner conflict)。
Prototype analysis: identifying the prototype pattern behind the behaviour (e. G. “your perfectionism may originate from the hero prototype”)。
Application issues: mid-life crisis, creative barriers, existential anxiety。
Feminism: power and a gender perspective
Representative: laura brown
Core propositions:
Psychological problems are often associated with social power structures (such as gender discrimination, racism)。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. Power analysis: recognizing how external oppression can be internalized into self-denial (e. G. “why do you think `women must be gentle'?”)。
2. Empowerment technology: supporting the rebuilding of self-confidence through groups (e. G. Mutual support groups for battered women)。
Questions of application: gender-related trauma, workplace discrimination, physical symptoms。
Ix. To body therapy: body is a map of the mind
Representative: peter levin, william reich
Core propositions:
Trauma can be stored physically (e. G. Long-term pain in the shoulder neck may be associated with emotional depression)。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. Physicotherapy: the release of frozen traumatic reactions (e. G., the release of combat-evacuation energy from tremors) through breathing and motion。
2. Biological feedback: equipment to train patients to regulate physiological indicators (e. G. Heart rate variability)。
Application issues: ptsd, chronic pain, heart disease。
X. Ultrapersonal psychology: beyond the spiritual dimension of self
Representative: ken wilbur, stanislav grove
Core propositions:
The highest level of mental health is linked to a larger presence (the universe, the divine)。
Psychological counselling methods:
1. Meditating: observing thoughts without judgement and fostering awareness。
2. Auxiliary treatment of hallucinogenics (under legal conditions): for example, the use of nudist glycol for end-of-life fear treatment。
Question of application: emptiness, inspirational crisis, death anxiety。
Conclusion: from the subconscious deep sea to the flood of society, from the signal of the body to the resonance of the universe — the multidimensional perspective of the psychology — will eventually help you find a unique path of “see yourself”。
Appendix: how to choose the genre that suits you? The recommendations are as follows:
To explore childhood psychoanalysis requires emotional support for humanism to solve problems quickly. Cbt has specific behavioral behavioral emotional depressions of apparent formal anxiety, forced thinking of cbt/physical therapy for depressive feminism (for unknown reasons) body pain therapy
