Key technical points for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of the peach tree in naga county
Lee jung
In yongja county, zhejiang province, the subtropical monsoon climate is mild in winter, with sufficient heat and abundant rainfall in the summer. Temperature conditions in yongga county generally meet the temperature requirements of peach trees at all stages of their growth. In spring and summer, there is sufficient heat, which facilitates the expansion of fruits and accumulation of sugar, and the local cultivation of walnuts is characterized by high sugar, fragrance of fruit and fragrance due to high temperatures and abundant light during the day and night。
1 elements of peach tree cultivation technology
The park chooses peach trees as a tree of light, and the park should choose sunside slopes or flats with plenty of sunlight and no shades of sun, and the lack of light can lead to long branches, poorly divided buds, colour differentials in fruit, low sugar, lower quality. Avoiding the choice of low-lying basins and valleys where cold air can easily be deposited, choosing sandy or border soil with deep, lax and well-watered soil, which is not sufficiently plentiful, must be improved. Soil ph values of 5. 5 to 7. 0 are suitable for micro- to neutrals, and yongcarteau is a red yellow border, which is acidic and can be regulated by applying lime, etc. Groundwater tables should be below 1 m and over-water levels, with the rainy season prone to flooding. The last one cannot be a kernel fruit tree such as peaches, prunes, almonds and cherries, with heavy pests, weak tree planting and low yields. In the summer typhoons in yongja district, it is not appropriate to choose the right-to-the-wind, unshielded hilltop or ridge in order to avoid mechanical damage and loss of leaves and, if necessary, to plan ahead for the construction of protected forest belts. Parks require distance from industrial and mining enterprises, transportation routes and avoiding the impact of soil, water and air pollution on the safety of fruit。
The mix of varieties selects good varieties according to local climatic conditions and cultivation purposes. Pre-literate varieties can take the lead, usually at a better price, but some pre-literated varieties may taste a little light, and need to be protected from the effects of low-temperature rain in spring. The production and quality of medium- and late-literate varieties are often more stable, such as embroidered walnuts. The spring rains in yongja county are prone to peach-tree brown rot, perforation, etc。
The choice is a healthy one-year seedling with a developed, full-eyed, disease-free eye, mostly planted after fall leaves and before spring. It is recommended that the fall plant be established at a time when the temperature is high and the wound will heal, and the following spring is early, fast and alive; the spring soil can also take place after it has been unfrozen, but before it is sprouts. One or two months before the plant, the whole garden had to go down to 40 to 50 cm, and the sun had to be weathered. Traditional plant cultivation ranges from 4 mx5 m, with modern intensive cultivation using a higher density of 2 mx4 m or 3 mx4 m. Digs 80 cm x 80 cm, separates the topsoil from the subsoil, applying 20 to 30 kg of corroded organic fertilizer in each den, adding phosphate 1 to 2 kg, evenly mixing the fertilizer and topsoil back to 20 to 30 cm below the ground, then covering a layer of ground soil to avoid burning the roots by direct contact with the fertilizer. Before planting, the roots of the seedlings are properly trimmed, and the roots are immersed in water for 12 to 24 hours, and they can also be rooted with powder solutions to promote rooting. Put the tree in the center of the settled cave, which is back-filled, and make sure that the roots are distributed down and not curled. When the soil covers the root line, the tree is lifted gently, so that it is fully in contact with the soil and leaves no gaps. Continue to fill the soil and move gently. The depth of planting is 5-10 cm above the ground. A tree plate of about 1 m in diameter was made around the trees, pouring water through the roots。
Fertilizer management peach trees are fat and fat, but they're sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer and oversized. In september-october, when the roots were at their peak of growth, the roots were susceptible to healing, and they gave rise to new roots, enabling the restoration of tree positions and the accumulation of nutrients, and laying a solid foundation for flowering results in the coming year. If this is not done in the autumn, it should be replenished as soon as possible after the early spring soil is unfrozen. The base weight is mainly used by mature farmers, with partial compound fertilizer. Fertilize in a ditch beneath the tree crown projection, 30 to 50 cm deep. (c) 50 - 100 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer in tree strains, 1 - 2 kg of calcium perphosphate, 0. 5 - 1 kg of potassium sulfate. In late february and in early march, fattening was followed up, which contributed to the growth of the buds, the flowering process and an increase in the fruit rate. Vegetable tree strains with urea 0. 5-1 kg or high nitrogen compound fertilisers 1-1. 5 kg, can be less or less applied. Late in mid-may was a critical period for the rapid expansion of the fruits and the fragmentation of the buds, requiring high levels of fertility and critical to production and quality formation. Potassium complex fertilizer 1. 5 - 2 kg in a tree plant during the poignant period, and 0. 3% potassium phosphate solution in the leaf, promoting sweeter fruit. The fruit harvest is followed by fertilizer supplementation, restoration of tree positions, extension of the leaf function period and increased tree stock nutrition. Composite fertilizers of 0. 5-1 kg are applied in general and have sufficient base fat, which can be applied according to tree pattern. Attention is paid to supplementing trace elements with 0. 1 per cent ~0. 2 per cent boron solution before flowering to increase the fruit rate; calcium fertilizer application during gestation and expansion periods, which reduces fibrosis and improves the lightness of the fruit; and zinc recharge with 3 per cent ~ 5 per cent zinc sulfate solution before budning。
Water management peach trees are drought-resistant, root oxygen-intensive, and more than 24 hours of water can lead to death. Precipice soils need to be kept wet, allowing them to be fully fertilized and, in the event of a drought, to be watered once. The period of fruit expansion is a water-critical period for peach trees that is sensitive to moisture, and when water is scarce it can seriously affect the size and yield of the fruit, which should be balanced. During the summer drought, the evaporation is high and attention needs to be paid to irrigation to prevent leaf atrophy and the burning of fruit. When winter is too dry, freezing water is poured over once, increasing the resilience of trees. The recommended use of drip irrigation or micro-jet can save water while allowing slow and even water penetration into the soil, avoiding heavy flooding leading to soil slabs and disease transmission. There is a need to ensure unhindered access to drains before the rainy season and no water in the gardens after the rains。
(i) flower fruit management (1) zorin. The gravitation of flowers from flowering to flowering, which saves more nutrients, facilitates the early development of fruit and young fruit. During the curvature period, the branches are removed from the base, the low-developed little buds on the top, and the deformed buds. Keeps the upper part of the branch, looking towards the good growth bud. For long branches, 1 to 2 buds per 15 to 20 cm; for short and medium branches, the high-quality buds at the front end. If the flower is pollinated by continuous rain weather effects, some flowers may be kept, as appropriate, until the fruit is followed by an adjustment by berries. The berries are split twice. For the first time, after the physiology falls, it usually takes place three to four weeks after the flower, when the size of the vegetative beans is the same, removing the abnormal fruit, the small fruit, the sick fruit, the fruit and the fruit of the dense part, and for the second fruit, before the hard nucleus period, five to six weeks after the flower, with or without two to four fruit branches, one fruit from one to three fruit, and one fruit from one fruit to none, and 15 to 20 cm from the large fruit species, the medium fruit variety can be reduced by appropriate distance. (2) precious fruit. For varieties with low rates of fruit and in case of bad weather, flowers are protected. The planting of bees or bear bees in orchards for five to seven days greatly increases pollination efficiency. Artificial dotting or pollinating pollen can be carried out in the absence of a pollinating tree or in the event of continuous rainfall during the flowering period. It is possible to consider the use of rain-shield cultivation。
Pest and pest control 40% of the pomegranate lactant 4,000-5,000 times the fluid, or 20% of the pelican emulsion 3,000-4,000 times the spray. The use of 325 g/l phenometha ester suspension 1,500 to 2,500 times the fluid, or 50 per cent of the fungus copper suspension 2,000 to 2,500 times the spray is recommended for anthrax control. 30 per cent of the phenylmethyl ester suspension 2000 - 3,000 times liquid spray is recommended for the prevention of black star disease. The control of aphids recommends the use of a 20% fluoride amphibian suspension of 3,000-5,000 times liquid, or 8 billion saplings/ml gold turtle green fungus cqma421 to disperse oil suspension of 1,000-2,000 times liquid spray. The control of pear insects recommends the use of 200-400 times the liquid formulation of the humid powder of 32,000 iu/mg souyun bacillus, or 15% of the adsorption agent 4,000-5,000 times the spray. Red spiders recommend the use of 500-750 times the soluble fluid of 5% acetylene oil, or 40% acetate suspension diluted by 4,000-5,000 times the spray。
When the handles form an insulated layer, it is separated by a small turn, the fruit is gleaming, the scent is fully visible, and the walnut sugar is 15. 5 degrees. Picking at night, in the morning or in the evening to avoid high noon temperatures, rain or immediately after rain. Pay attention to the branches, to the nuts, to the picks with the handle, in the order from the inside to the bottom. After picking, the sun is avoided and placed in a cooler ventilated area, where the initial sorting and classification are stored。
2 technical aspects of integrative shearing
Intracting is designed to build a rational tree structure, reconcile growth with results, improve ventilation and light conditions, and achieve quality, productive and stable production. Youngga recommended a natural happy form, with three main branches, which were set at 40-45 cm and were opened at 45-60 degrees. Each branch has two to three branches and each branch has its own branches。
Spring trims, spring trims, march-april, two to three buds on a sprouts, with only one direction, and a strong one. The straight, long-born sprouts on the back of the main branch, which tend to grow, should be wiped out as soon as possible, unless filled, and towards the heart of the tree crown. When the new branch is 10 to 15 cm long, it clearly identifies the bouquets and the twigs, the twigs, the incompetent branches, the long branches, and the twigs are cut from the base, and no stakes are left. It cuts off the tip of the top of the new top, controls the boom, promotes branches and nurtures the branches of the outcome. When the new steps up to 20-30 cm, remove the top three to five cm。
Summer trim, may-august, may, may, august, may, may, may, may, may, may, may, may, may, may. It is not appropriate to perform heavy trimping during the period of high temperatures in july-august, and not too large at each cut and not more than 5 per cent of the total number of tree branches. • the timely removal of twigs and cross branches to avoid crown depression and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. In heavy-rained weather, larger cuts are susceptible to infection and protective agents may be considered. It is not advisable to perform heavy trims during consecutive rains in order to avoid disproportionately weakening tree positions and injuries。
Autumn trimmed late in august and mid-september, trimmed in time for the twigs, the thin branches, the sick branches, the straight branches, etc., which should be cut from the base of the branches, with care to level the wounds in order to heal. For a growing tree, the main branch may be increased by a pull, stagger or support method to ease the position of the tree and promote the robust growth of the inner branch. Overlay branches, cross branches, old and weak branches within the tree canopy are retrenched and updated. The long and medium branches of the front-end results were retrenched in a timely manner, leaving two to three strong preparatory branches of the base and promoting new branches. Straight branches of space reserved, competitive branches can be sprained or pressured, and do not break。
Winter shearing mid-december winter to early february of the following year to avoid freezing in cold weather. The long fruit branch is cut from one quarter to one third of its length, and it is preserved as an oscillating or horizontal branch, and it is removed from the straight or down branch. The medium branches are mainly long and usually not short. It is not short-lived to choose a strong, flowery reservation。
