Amount for the current period: taken from the current period of the balance sheet
Cumulative amount for the current year: taken from the cumulative effect of the balance of the subject year。
Core project calculation formula (necessary)
Operating income = main operating income + other operating income
Business profits = business income - business costs - taxes and surcharges - sales costs - management costs - financial costs > loss or gain on disposal of assets + other earnings
Total profit = operating profit + out-of-business income - out-of-business expenditure
Net profit = total profit - income tax costs
Special entry rules: loss of disposal of assets, debit balances of taxes and charges, shown as negative in the statement。
The point of integrity
The header must be completed: the compiler, the accounting period (month of year)
(a) take each item and calculate it strictly in accordance with the formula to ensure the correctness of the relationship in the table
Net profit is positive and negative: positive is for profit and negative is for loss。
V. Field performance basic statements
Core knowledge points
Statement definition: the balance sheet reflects the financial position of the enterprise at a given date, is a static statement and follows the constant equation: assets = liabilities + equity。
Time difference
Opening balance: closing balance as at 31 december of the previous year
Closing balance: current closing balance of accounts。
Priority project entry rules (hf points)
Money = cash on hand + bank deposits + other currency funds
Fixed assets = original fixed assets - accumulated depreciation - provision for impairment of fixed assets
Accounts receivable = debit balance of accounts receivable + debit balance of advances received
Accounts payable = line credit balances in accounts payable + line credit balances in advances
Undistributed profits = end-of-year balance of profits + end-of-year balance of profit distribution
Special treatment: when debit balances arise in the liability category, the statements are entered in negative terms。
Preparation of verification standards
Total assets on the left side of the statement must be equal to total liabilities on the right side + total equity of the owner, and an imbalance in borrowing is either accounted for or incorrectly prepared。
Supplement i: full month-end closure process (series summary)
Combining the full serialization of the accounting standards at the end of the month with the following direct application:
(a) lump-sum operations: payroll, social security, provident fund, depreciation of fixed assets, quarterly income tax
(a) fees: public payments for water, electricity, property, handling, hospitality, etc.
Transactions: deposits, receipts and disbursements, transactions written off
Gains and losses carried over (step by step)
1 income, other benefits carried forward
2 carry-over of main operating costs
Carry-over taxes and surcharges, sales costs, management costs, financial costs
4 income tax charges carried forward
Final carry-over: carry-over of current year profits to undistributed profits at the end of the year
Statement preparation: statement of profits, balance sheet, in descending order
Reconciliation of accounts: the reconciliation of certificates, accounts and statements of accounts was correct and the closing of current month's accounts was completed。
Supplement ii: summaries of the full series
Assets disposed of through fixed asset clean-up and gains/losses recorded in asset disposal gains/losses
Security deposits, surcharges to other accounts payable and withholding of staff to other receivables
Earnings of employees, unit social security / provident fund, consolidated, employee remuneration payable
Direct operating expenses are charged to the main operating costs, administrative expenses to the management costs and sales expenses to the sales costs
Bank interest, fees charged to financial costs
All profit-and-loss lines at the end of the month, carried over to current year profits
Carry-over of current year's profits to profit distribution at year's end - undistributed profits
Supplement iii: combined vat rates (generalized for reporting)
Rental of tangible movable property, sale of goods, electricity: 13 per cent
Basic telecommunications services, running water: 9 per cent
Brokers, property services: 6 per cent
Catering services, partially small-scale operations: 3 per cent
Repeat mail
And by this time, the full series of car rental accounting exercises (7 issues) was officially completed
This series covers the basic costs, transactions, fixed assets, payroll social security, drawing down at the end of the month, step-by-step, and the preparation of two major financial statements, covering fully over 90 per cent of the day-to-day accounting activities of smes。
From zero basic awareness of accounts, to discrepancies, to independent completion of month-end closings, financial statements, to gradual and approximation of the set. You can combine the 7th edition of the content collection, which is available for daily work, appraisal and study。
If you want to follow up on the progress of accounting practices, invoice exercises, tax returns, business annual reports, etc., you're welcome to keep your eyes open
And you're welcome to share your comments in the comment area and ask questions about your studies. I'll see you in the next series
