Basic brief
In october 1964, the editorial department of the magazine " light-sight-suffered launching information " (formerly known as the special edition of photoquantification) sponsored by china's science director, sent a letter to chen jianxi, asking him to take a chinese name for laser, and he suggested that the chinese name be "laser". In december of the same year, the third academic conference on optical quantum amplifiers was held in shanghai, chaired by tzu tzu tzu, and the discussion was followed by the formal adoption of a proposal by chen shengsen to translate the english abbreviation laser, “radio amplification through radiation-inflicted lasers”. Subsequently, the magazine " light-introduced launch intelligence " was renamed " laser intelligence " 。
History
The theoretical basis for lasers is derived from the great physicist einstein, who in 1917 proposed a new technological theory of the interaction of light with matter. The theory is that there are different numbers of particles (electronics) distributed among the atoms of the constituent substances at different levels of energy, that particles at the high-energy level are inspired by some photons, that jump from the high-energy level to the low-energy level, and that this will radiation light of the same nature as the light that inspires it, and that, in a certain state, a weak light can produce a strong light. It's called the "light magnification of the intense radiation", short laser。
In 1951, the united states physicist charles hade towns envisaged a radio wave of sufficiently small wavelengths with molecules and without electronic circuits. Moleculars have different forms of vibration, some of which correspond to the radiation in the microwave band range. The question is how to convert these vibrations to radiation. In the case of the ammonia molecule, under appropriate conditions, it vibrates 24,000,000 times per second, making it possible to launch microwaves with a wavelength of 1. 25 cm. He envisions pumping energy into ammonia molecules by thermal or electrical means, placing them in a “trigger” state. It is then assumed that these intense molecules will be placed in microwave beams with the same frequency as that inherent in ammonia molecules -- the energy of which can be very weak. A single ammonia molecule is subject to this microwave beam, releasing its energy in the form of a beam of the same wavelength, which in turn acts on another amino molecule, releasing it as well. This weak input microwave beam is tantamount to a rise in foot points for an avalanche, which eventually produces a strong microwave beam. The energy initially used to stimulate molecules is transformed into a special radiation。
In december 1953, thomas and his student arthur schoro finally built a device to work along these lines, producing the required microwave beams. This process is known as the "microwave magnification of the radiation. " the acronym is m. A. S. E. R. And is based on a single “maser}” (the word is called abbreviation and is increasingly used in technical language)。
In 1958, american scientists schhawlow and towns discovered an amazing phenomenon: when they shine the light from the light bulbs on a rare earth crystal, the molecules of the crystals send out strong light, always gathering together. On the basis of this phenomenon, they propose the "laser principle" that the substance produces this undissolved strong light - laser - when it is motivated by the same energy as its moleculeic vibration frequency. They published important papers for this purpose and received the 1964 nobel prize for physics。
On 15 may 1960, mehman, a scientist at the hughes laboratory in california, united states, announced the acquisition of lasers with a wavelength of 0. 6943 micrometres, the first type of laser ever acquired by mankind, making mehman the world's first scientist to introduce lasers into the field of practice。
On 7 july 1960, theodor mehman proclaimed the birth of the world's first laser, using a high-strength flash lamp to stimulate rubies. Since rubies are actually a physical type of chromium atoms, when they are irritated, they send a red light. The ruby surface of a surface plating on a mirror drills a hole that allows red light to spill from the hole, thereby producing a fairly concentrated thin red column that, when it is fired at a point, can reach a temperature higher than that of the solar surface。
The former soviet scientist nikola bassov invented semiconductor lasers in 1960. The structure of the semiconductor lasers is typically composed of the p layer, the n layer and the source layer that forms the double-heavy knot. It is characterized by small sizes, high coupling efficiency, fast response speed, wavelengths and sizes appropriate to fibre-optic sizes, direct modulation and relevance。
In march 2011, a towed-wave laser developed by researchers was capable of moving objects and is expected to move spaceships in the future. In january 2013, scientists have successfully developed towed beams for medical testing。
A calendar of events
1917: einstein introduced the theory of “extremely launched”, with a photons causing the atoms to produce an identical photons。
1953: u. S. Physicist charles townes microwaved the laser precursor: microwave stimulation (abbreviation maser)
1957: gordon gould, a doctoral student from townes, created the word “laser”, which theoretically indicated that it was possible to activate atoms with light and produce a series of relevant beams, after which people applied for a patent, and legal disputes were maintained for almost 30 years。
1960: theodore maiman of hughes laboratories, california, usa achieved the first laser beam
1961: laser was used for the first time in surgical operations to kill retina tumours。
1962: the invention of semiconductor diode lasers, the backbone of today's small commercial lasers。
