The insufficiency of the muscles, muscular muscles or ligatures of the ankles, caused by congenital or obscurous factors, and the abnormal structure of the bones, made it impossible to maintain the normal physiological structure of the bow, leading to the collapse of the bow and the formation of flat feet。
One or both parents have flat feet or can inherit from their children。
The skeletal combination is a rare developmental malformation. This means that two or more of the previously independent gillbones have grown together and that the joint activity between the gillbones has decreased or even disappeared。
In congenital flat feet, muscular union is the more common cause of disease, and it is more likely to be associated with the cascading and acoustic. Others, such as canoes, dice, dice, wedges, etc., are less common。
The cortex is one of seven skeletal bones, and the cortex is a congenital anomaly, which means the formation of an additional, independent subbone at the cleavage。
As a rule, the posterior muscles pass through the “underside” of the inside of the canal, while the presence of the sidebone forces the posterior muscles to “top” inside the side of the canoes and to stop more firmly on the sidebone。
This change has damaged the pedestals by raising the foot bow and turning it inside。
It can be divided into bone deformities and soft tissue disorders。
Osteoporosis: this is reflected in the formation of a joint between the back of the ark's bone and the neck, which locks it vertically。
The soft tissue pathologies include the ark's tenacity cord and the convulsive twitch on the back of the canoe, the stretching of the ark's tenor, the looseness, the toe stretching muscle, the thumb stretch, the acetal muscle, the fibula length muscle and the convulsion, the fabular muscle, the back stretching muscle in front of the ankle, etc。
It's not fully functional
The most common causes of haemorrhaging。
The hives hold the normal shape of the bows as they do with the suspension of the bridge, and the height of the hives begins to collapse as soon as the hives become inflammated or retreated。
Such as foot injuries, foot injuries (lisfranc injuries), medical injuries, etc。
The rational destruction of the foot bones and joints
Polio patients can leave flat feet after their internal and external muscle imbalances。
Long periods of heavy weight standing, weight gain, pregnancy, long journeys of fatigue, among others, have led to a gradual weakening of soft tissues such as the maintenance of bow muscles, ligatures, arteries and muscular membranes. Long periods of bed rest, lack of exercise have led to a fall in the weight of muscles, and a fall in muscle tension。
The flat foot also happens with age. As a result of the increase in age, post-accumulation muscular deformities have become increasingly difficult to maintain torque structures, resulting in flat feet。
Symptoms reported
Most flat-foot patients have no visible symptoms, and a few suffer pain in their ankles and lower legs, often accompanied by changes in standing postures and walking behaviour。
Most flat foot patients have no visible symptoms。
Symptoms can be shown in pain on the inner side of the foot, extending to the ankle and the inner side of the calve, increasing the heel (lifting the heel), standing or walking for long periods of time and reducing the rest。
Patients can also be shown to be standing feet and flipping, full inner feet, low bows or disappearing, prominent in the cleavage of the canoe, anomalous troupe, such as the eight-word troupe of the outside, which can easily cause wear and tear to the inside of their shoes。
In addition, walking or reduced mobility can occur when the patient's bow collapses and pain is severe。
It may be accompanied by a swollen ankle, or by an outward flip of the toe, a back flip of the heel, or an anomalous leg of the knee joint。
Let's get to the doctor
Patients with no symptoms are usually not required to visit a hospital in a timely manner, such as pain in their ankles, rigid joints and walking disorders, and to be diagnosed in a timely manner if the parents are aware of the possibility of a flat-footed child。
Typically, a doctor can diagnose the patient by examining his/her feet in conjunction with an examination of his/her medical history。
Priority is given to visits to osteoporosis; paediatric patients can visit paediatrics。
There is also a choice between surgery and general medicine at the basic hospital。
Auxiliary examinations are used primarily to identify the diagnosis and to find the cause of foot pain。
Foot inundation or tweezing mud, standing on white paper, measures the width of the blank area of the bow to the narrowest area of the footprint. The normal value is 2:1 and flat to 1:1 and 1:2 with no blank area for heavy flat tones。
The foot side x-ray shows the structure of the bow well and measures the angle of the bow. In addition, joints can be found。
It provides a better picture and more details than an x-ray. Ct scans can clearly show osteoporosis and can be of great help in identifying bone malformations, such as vertical distance, osteoporosis, etc., and can also specify the severity, stress and extent of osteoporosis or other bone damage。
Mri imaging or ultrasound is feasible when flat feet are suspected to be caused by soft tissue damage or muscular damage。
The flatness requires the identification of other foot-related diseases, such as foot diarrhea, osteoporosis, etc. It is generally not difficult to identify through medical examination and visual examination, combined with medical history。
The pain is mainly close to the soles of the feet, with a clear crush point. The foot looks normal and shows visible bow structures. There are no apparent anomalies in the x-ray。
The main manifestation was pain on the outside of the ankle or the back, most of which occurred after the foot was injured. The mri imaging shows fluids, oedema, combined soft tissue and radical damage, etc., around the ostrich bone。
Therapeutic report
For children aged 6-8 and under, the bow is still in the development stage, and no treatment is required for symptoms-free soft flatness. When the patient is suffering from symptoms, it is still recommended to begin wearing orthotic supports under the guidance of a physician, although it is uncertain whether the equipment can permanently correct flat-foot abnormalities。
Adult flat-foot patients do not need special treatment in the absence of symptoms, but flat-foot patients are unable to withstand severe or prolonged walking and exercise due to their special bows, and are therefore required to make appropriate adjustments in their way of life and exercise, depending on their individual circumstances, after consulting a physician。
In cases of symptoms, most flat-foot patients can relieve pain and improve standing and walking postures by wearing a orthopaedic device, but for adults it is not possible to correct a skeletal deformity of the foot, and a small number require surgical treatment。
Regardless of the stage of flat feet, non-surgery treatments may be considered first, such as minimal limb activity in case of pain symptoms, timely rest, functional exercise under the direction of a physician, changes in activity and lifestyle, and, if necessary, wearing orthotics or orthopedic shoes。
Different orthopaeds can be selected at different stages of flat-footing, and toal mats remain the most common flat-foot orthotics. When the patient is mildly deformed and the deformed is soft and soft enough, a semi-rigid acoustic mat can provide a good abating effect. The inner side of the toal mat is raised with wedge and the inner side bow is supported. The back cup is designed to limit and correct the position of the rear and keep the rear of the rear in a neutral position。
Other orthotics include the university of california (ucbl) tailor-made, stabilization, arizona ankle, ankle chain, etc。
The treatment of flat-foot drugs, such as the external use of non-paralytic anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), has some effect on the symptoms。
It is important to note that flat feet generally do not use local injections (closed treatments) of gills, as this may further reduce the function of mussels。
Surgery can be considered if the condition of flat foot patients is so severe that it affects the quality of life that conservative treatment is ineffective, or if flat foot deformities increase sexually. The main methods of surgery include soft tissue transfer repair, bone surgery and arthropoding。
Post-accumulatory muscular dysfunction is one of the common causes of flat feet in adults, so it is most common to re-establish the muscular muscular muscular scintillation or muscular muscular conversion. Others, such as filiation, pre-salvation, interior triangulation, canopy (clinker) repair, lengthening, etc., are appropriate for medical needs。
Osteoporosis is currently the most commonly used clinical method of osteoporosis, which reliably corrects flat feet and extrabone deformations, restores an inner bow, reduces labour damage to a canoe's and internal dyslexia, improves the biological mechanics of the weight and ankles of the feet and significantly improves patient's symptoms。
In addition, there are open wedge osteoporosis (cotton amputation), extended osteoporosis (evan amputation), tri-cord integration, etc., which requires a reasonable choice of surgery according to the type and stage of flat foot。
It's mainly for young people to be flexible and flat。
Teenage flat-footing treatment is unique in comparison to adults, who are mainly able to acquire a stable, improved or restored function of orthotic line and deformity. For adolescents, not only are treatment targets for adults to be met, but it is also important to consider whether treatment is conducive to sufficient growth and development and to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of their functions。
The operation should therefore, as far as possible, avoid joint integration and amputation in the parts of the bone. The arthropoding of the lower arthropods produces the lower joints of the brakes in a manner that does not destroy the bones and lifts up the bones, thereby changing the position of the whole bones of the feet。
Medical care for this disease is not supported by evidence-based medical evidence, but some chinese medical treatment methods or drugs can alleviate symptoms and are recommended to regular medical institutions for treatment under the guidance of a physician。
Foot bottom massage: the right size of a ball (e. G. Tennis) or yoga column can be placed at the bottom of the feet rolling back and forth, and the softness of the bow canals can be effectively improved, and bottom pain can be alleviated。
We'll be back
Most flat feet have no visible symptoms and have little impact on daily life. When flat-foot deformations are accompanied by ankle pain and progress becomes flat-foot disease, the causes and stages of flat-footing are more varied。
The vast majority of flat-foot patients are treated in a conservative manner and, for those who are not treated in a conservative manner, their symptoms and walking functions can be significantly improved through surgery。
Prevention coverage
Functional exercise of inner and outer muscles, such as foot walking, tweezing, movement of the heel. The choice of shoes supported by good bows and the avoidance of long standing also have some significance for the prevention of flat-foot disease。
