Many factories are forced to open boilers, which are core thermal equipment, whether for the production of steam or hot water in the factory area. Most users, however, know only how to operate and do not know what parts are inside the boiler. A better understanding of infrastructure can help enterprises to better distinguish between good and bad equipment configurations, as well as to understand the reasons behind day-to-day failures, high energy consumption and greater judgement in procurement, adaptation and maintenance。
The boiler is divided into two main plates, the boiler itself and the auxiliary support system, and two main parts, the "pot" and the "bottle", which combine to complete the energy conversion。
“pet”: a water vapour system under heat pressure
The pot, which is a pressured component filled with water and steam, absorbs heat and heats the water into hot water or steam, and is part of the core of the pressure。
1. Boiler drums (firing packs): the core packaging of the boiler, which is responsible for the storage of water, the separation of soda, and the circulation of internal water in the furnace, from which saturated steam is produced, is a critical pressured component。
Water cold walls: water pipes placed around the furnace, which directly receive high-temperature radiation heat from the fire in the furnace, heat up the water inside the pipe while protecting the fire-resistant materials from high temperatures, which are the main hot surface。
3. Saving coals: installation of pyrotechnics at the end of the boiler, use of fume residual heat for early heating of water, recovery of residual heat, improvement of overall heat efficiency of the boiler and saving of fuel。
4. Overheaters: mostly used in steam boilers, further heating of saturated steam from boilers, output of overheated steam at higher temperatures, meeting some of the industrial process requirements for tremors。
“fireplaces”: fuel combustion and heating systems
The furnace, which is the region where fuel combustion releases heat, converts fuel chemistry to high temperature heat, and supplies the "pot" to absorb heat。
1. Warming chamber (combustion chamber): the main space for fuel combustion, the use of high temperature-resisting materials in the furnace wall, the use of biomass boilers to fill the stoves, the allocation of gas boilers to burners, and the guarantee of full fuel combustion by the chinese academy of sciences..。
2. Combustion equipment: gas boilers are burners; biomass boilers are boilers that are responsible for fuel delivery, wind distribution and fuel stabilization。
Pyrotechnics and furnace walls: guide the flow of high-temperature flue gases while keeping them warm and reducing the flow of heat out of the air, before they are discharged from the boiler after each hot surface。
Iii. Equivalent support systems
A fully functional boiler is far from sufficient by itself, and the auxiliary system directly determines whether the equipment is stable and safe to operate。
1. Water-water treatment system: includes pumps, water treatment equipment. The boiler needs to be treated to reduce the amount of dirt, which can significantly reduce the efficiency of heat exchange, as well as safety risks。
2. Frozen dust removal systems: wind transmitters, wind transmitters, dust removal equipment, transport of burning air to the furnace, discharge of the flue gas, and clean-up of the biomass boilers are particularly important to meet environmental emission requirements。
3. Safety attachment instruments: safety valves, pressure meters, water tablers, sewage valves, etc., are compulsory parts of special equipment, monitor pressure water levels in real time, ensure the operation of the equipment is safe and cannot be removed at will。
4. Electrical control systems: achieving outages, temperature pressure regulation, failure alerts, and low automation, directly affecting operational difficulties。
Many enterprises purchase only for the price of the boiler and ignore the auxiliary device configuration. In the same way, the auxiliary, water treatment, and dust removal configurations vary widely, with large gaps in energy consumption and failure rates。
Iv. Understanding the structure, what it means for business selection
1 see-to-heat configuration: rationalization of heat-to-heat layout, adequate heat exchange and better heat efficiency; simplification of heat-infection components, short-term reduction of equipment costs and higher long-term fuel consumption。
2. Combustion cavity: the chamber size needs to match the fuel characteristics, the example of a biomass boiler, the lack of chamber space, and the insufficient combustion of particulate fuel can lead to black smoke and higher energy consumption。
3. Focus on safety attachments: safety instrument fittings cannot be saved, boilers are special equipment and spare parts are missing and poorly equipped, which poses operational risks。
Many factory technicians have limited knowledge of boiler construction and, in the face of multiple factory programmes, it is difficult to discern the quality of the configuration and the risk of being misled by low-cost solutions. In such cases, a neutral third-party thermal technology agency could be approached for programme evaluation。
This institution, which is not a boiler manufacturer, does not produce its own boiler equipment and is located as a third-party heat technology service。
Based on the professional knowledge of the boiler's own, supporting systems, dedicated thermal technology can provide these services to enterprises:
1. Field survey of the enterprise's performance, combining the production process with the required vapour parameters, fuel conditions, plant sites
2. Interpretation of different plant equipment programmes, objective analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the programmes against the boiler structure, and assistance in screening for water erosion
3. Recommendations for complementary sets of machines such as water combing, dust removal and flue, focusing not only on the boiler itself
4. Provide technical clearances at the procurement stage, facilitate the docking of compliance equipment resources and follow up on the technical elements of the commissioning phase
5. Later on, the operations maintenance section recommended that enterprises should be guided in the proper use of boilers to reduce the malfunction caused by inappropriate operations。
Simply put, dedicated thermal technology is based on the use side of the enterprise, combining the knowledge of boiler construction, the needs of work, and helping the enterprise to avoid the risks associated with low prices for naked machines。
At the end
The boiler is a special equipment, the in-house structure, the support unit, and the security component, each of which relates to safety and operating costs. Enterprises choose to buy boilers, not just on tonnage and quotations, but on offers to see internal structures and full system configurations. For enterprises that do not know the technology, it is recommended to make more programme comparisons and to seek the assistance of third-party professional bodies when necessary。
