In-depth analysis of microchip pic16c62x series microcontrollers: characterization, application and development support
YesElectronic engineeringIn the field, microcontrollers are the core control units for all types of electronic equipment, whose performance and characteristics directly affect the functionality and stability of the equipment. Microchip's pic16c62x series microcontrollers, with their unique advantages, demonstrate strong competitiveness in many applications. This paper will provide an in-depth analysis of the properties, functions and development support of the pic16c62x series of microcontrolers, providing a comprehensive reference for electronic engineers。
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Overview of the pic16c62x series
The pic16c62x series, which belongs to the picmicro® family, is based on the 18 and 20 steps of rom/eprom, low cost, high performance, ccos and 8 microcontrols of total static. The series is based on an advanced riss structure with enhanced core functions, a level-eight depth stack and multiple sources of internal and external disruptions. Its harvard structure's stand-alone command and data bus allows 14 wide command words to be separated from 8 wide data. All directives, with the exception of the program branch, can be executed within a single cycle, with only 35 instructions to be studied, significantly increasing programming efficiency. Compared to the same type of 8-bit microcontrollers, pic16c62x usually achieves a code compression of 2:1 and a speed increase of 4:1。
1. 1 family membership and identity
The pic16c62x series contains several models, such as pic16c620, pic16c620a, pic16cr620a, etc. Different models vary in the frequency of clocks, program memory, data memory, etc. For example, pic16c620 and pic16c620a have 512 x 14, while pic16c622 and pic16c622a have 2k x 14. Each model is equipped with 13 i/o lead feet and an 8-bit timer/calculator with 8 programmable pre-bands, with two analogue comparators and two voltage reference modules on programmable tablets, for applications requiring low-cost simulation interfaces such as battery chargers, threshold detectors and white home power controllers。
1. 2 special functions
The pic16c62x series has a number of special features that can effectively reduce external components, reduce system costs, improve system reliability and reduce power consumption. These functions include the upper electro-por (por), up-to-purpose timer (pwrt), vibration starter timer (ost), unpressed revolvement, watchdog timer (wdt), interrupted, programlable code protection, 16 special function hardware depositors, power saved sleep model, phase 8 deep hardware stack, vibration options, direct, indirect and relative location mode, and serial online programming。
Ii. Structure and memory organization 2. 1. Overview of structure
The pic16c62x series uses the harvard structure, and the process and data are accessed from different memory through a separate bus, increasing bandwidth. The command operation code is 14 bit wide, and all single-word instructions can be executed in a single cycle (except for the program branch). This series has eight alus and a working register, which perform algorithms and booleans, which can be a working repository, file depositor or immediate constant。
2. 2 memory organisation 2. 2. 1 program memory
Pic16c62x has a 13-digit program counter that can find program memory space for 8k x 14, but different types actually achieve different memory sizes. For example, pic16c620(a) and pic16cr620 achieved only the first 512 x 14, pic16c621(a) 1k x 14, and pic16c622(a) 2k x 14. The compound vector is in 000h and the interruption vector is in 0004h。
2. 2. 2 data memory
The memory of the data is divided into two repositories, consisting of a universal repository and a special feature repository. Special feature repositories are used for control of cpu and external functions, such as option for configuration of tmr0/wdt pre-alignment frequency, external rb0/int interruption, tmr0 and portb weak upwards; intcon register for recording requests for interruption and control interruption enablers; pir1 and pie1 register for inclusion of marked and enabling points for the comparator respectively; and pcon register for distinguishing between different types of duplicates。
Iii. External function 3. 1 i/o mouth
The pic16c62x series contains two ports, pota and portb, with partial re-use of foot and external features. Potta is a 5-bit-wide locker and ra4 enters and leaks for the schmidt trigger and can be entered as a t0cki clock. Portb is an eight-bit wide two-way port, each of which has a weak internal pull up and some of which has electrically flattening interruptions. When using the i/o port, attention needs to be paid to the characteristics of the reading/writing operation and the time series of the continuous operation。
3. 2 timer 0 module
The timer module 0 is an eight-bit timer/meterer with readable writing, eight-bit software programmable pre-frequency, internal or external clock selection, spill break and external clock edge edge selection. In the timer mode, tmr0 is increasing per command cycle (no pre-aligner); in the counter mode, tmr0 is increasing or decreasing according to ra4/t0cki-led foot. The pre-session frequency is shared between the timer module 0 and the watch dog timer。
3. 3 comparator module
The comparator module contains two simulators, which are re-used with ra0 - ra3 and can also be used as input. There are eight modes of operation by selecting input and output reuse modes for the comparator from the camcon repository. The output of the comparator can be read through the cmcon repository or directly to the ra3 and ra4 steps. The interruption is triggered by the output value change and requires software to clear the break mark。
3. 4 pressure reference module
The voltage reference module is a 16-capture grid that provides optional voltage reference. 16 different voltage levels can be exported through vrcon repository control reference operations. When changing the vref output, you need to consider setting the time. In order to reduce power consumption in sleep mode, the reference to voltage should be disabled。
Special features and configuration 4. 1 configurations
The configurations can be used to select the various configurations of the device, such as code protection, failure to re-pressurate the energy, electrical timer energy, door dog timer energy and oscillator selection. These configuration maps are at the program memory position 2007h and can be programmed。
4. 2 oscillator configuration
The pic16c62x series can be operated in four different oscillator models, including lp (low-energy crystals), xt (clinics/corders), hs (high-speed crystals/corders) and rc (electric resistance/capacitation). Users can select the oscillator mode by configuring position fosc1 and fosc0. Different oscillator models require different external components such as crystals, resonators, resistance and capacitation。
4. 3 relocation and interruption
The pic16c62x series supports multiple types of duplicates, including go-to-power (por), mmlr, watchdog timers and unpressures. Different types of duplicates have different effects on the register. The series has four interruption sources, including external interruptions of rb0/int, tmr0 spill interruptions, portb electrical-level changes interruptions and comparator interruptions. Interruption of the control repository (intcon) is used to record requests for interruption and to control interruptions, which require the removal of the break mark。
4. 4 watchdog timer (wdt)
The watchdog timer is an independent rc oscillator without external components. In normal operations, the wdt timeout produces the reset of the device; in sleep mode, the wdt timeout awakens the device and continues to operate normally. The wdt timeout can be adjusted by a pre-specifier for up to 2. 3 seconds。
4. 5 sleep mode
The sleep mode is accessible through the sleep command, at which point the guard dog timer (if enabled) will be removed but will continue to operate, the oscillator drive will be closed and the i/o port will remain in its pre-state. Devices can be awakened or interrupted from sleep mode by external repositioning, timer for doordogs。
4. 6 code protection and id location
Code protected spaces can be used to protect the program memory from unauthorized access. Four memory locations (2000h - 2003h) have been designated as id locations in which users can store checksum or other code identifiers。
4. 7 online serial programming
The pic16c62x series microcontrollers can be programmed in serials in the final application circuits, using only two lines for clocks and data and three lines for power, grounding and programming voltage. This allows users to program unprogrammed equipment during the production process, facilitating the updating of solids or custom solids。
V. Development support
Microchip provided a comprehensive hardware and software development tool for the pic16c62x series microcontrolers, including the integrated development environment (mplab® ide), compilers/ compilers/linkers, simulators, simulators, imitators, online debuggers, equipment programmers, low-cost demonstration boards and evaluation packages. These tools can help engineers to develop and calibrate more efficiently, improving development efficiency and product quality。
Electrical specifications and sealed information 6. 1 electrical specifications
The document provides electrical properties of the pic16c62x series at different temperature ranges and working conditions, including power voltage, ram data retention voltage, failure to voltage detection, power currents, power consumption, etc. These parameters are important for the design of circuits and the assessment of systemic performance。
6. 2 encapsulated information
The pic16c62x series offers a wide range of cover options, including 18 toddler direct coating (cerdip), 18 toddler toddler direct toddler (pdip), 18 toddler toddler small outer wrapper (soic) and 20 toddler toddler toddler (ssop). Different envelopes apply to different application scenarios and users can choose suitable envelopes based on actual needs。
Summary
Microchip's pic16c62x series microcontrollers provide a powerful and flexible solution for electronic engineers with high performance, low utility, abundant external functionality and comprehensive development support. The pic16c62x series meets the demand for applications such as battery chargers, low-capacity remote sensors or white household electric controllers. Through an in-depth understanding of its architecture, memory organization, external functionality and the development of tools, engineers can better exploit the advantages of the series of microcontrollers and design more efficient and stable electronic systems。
In practical applications, e-engineers are required to make a reasonable selection of pic16c62x models and configurations according to specific needs and design requirements, making full use of their functions and characteristics. At the same time, care should be taken to comply with electrical specifications and containment requirements to ensure the reliability and stability of the system. It is hoped that this paper will provide a valuable reference for electronic engineers in using the pic16c62x series microcontrollers. What problems have you encountered in your use? Exchanges in the comment area are welcome。
