Before learning about a single machine, we will start by giving you an introductory introduction to some of the simple concepts involved。
I. What's a single machine
Single machine (mcu-micro co)Ntroller unit, which consists of various functional components of microcomputers: central processor (cpu), random access memory (ram), read-only storage (rom or eprom), i/o interface circuits, timers and counters, and serial communications interfaces, is made into a complete microcomputer。
Cpus can be divided into three parts of an algorithm, controllers and repositories, which are the core of a single-piece machine。
The memory can be divided into two categories, rom and ram. Ram can be read and written randomly by cpu, and the content stored after the blackout disappears; the data in rom can only be read and are generally used to store fixed programs。
The i/o interface is an important component of a single machine. The usual input devices are keys, keyboards, a/d, etc.; the output equipment is led, lcd, digital tubes, etc。
A single-piece machine is an integrated circuit capable of performing mathematical and logical calculations to perform different tasks according to the object of use. For example, it can control the lights, stop the power. The same hardware structure, with different software, allows for different functions and different control tasks。
Ii. The origin of single machines
The single machine was invented by a well-known company, intel, with an initial series of mcs-48, followed by a better version of mcs-51, often referred to as the 51 series, which is an eight-digit single machine and includes a variety of types, such as 8031, 8051, 8751, 8032, 8052,8752, etc. Of these, 8051 is the most typical product, and the other products in the series are based on 8051, with functional increases and decreases. So people used to use 8051 to name the mcs-51 series, and the intel company transferred its core technology to many small companies around the world, so many companies around the world produce 51 series of compatible single machines, such as the philips 87 lpc series, the washington w78 series, the dallas ds87 series, the modern gsm97 series, etc。
Now more popular in our country are the 89cx, 89sx and stc89c5x series of american atmel. But what difference does it make between the 8031 and 8051 types of single machines, most of which are in our books? In fact, they are all the same series, the mcs-51 series, although the above-mentioned series of single machine sets are more modern and more user-friendly, while single machine types 8031, 8051 are already obsolete products and are rarely seen on the market。
Iii. Use of the shoot
The use of single-piece machines is extensive and important in the field of industrial control, household electrical products, intelligent meters, and external computer equipment, especially integrated electromechanical products. Its main uses can be divided into the following:
1. Display: control of luminous diodes or liquid crystal displays showing specific images or words arguments
2. Electric and electrical control: control of timing or directional actions of electrical and electronic products
3. Detection: joint use of sensors for product detection
Communications: transmission of data and signals through rs232 or usb communications
It should be noted here that addressing the above-mentioned applications of single-piece machines is not the only option. Currently in automated control, there are usually three options, embedded (arm) systems, dsps and singles. Of these, single machines are the slowest in processing and the smallest in information processing. However, because of the low price of single-piece machines, their smaller size, their simpler control and, generally, 40 foot seals, they are still widely applied。
In addition, in practice, microprocessors are not always required to have high levels of performance, such as a system to control the temperature of refrigerators, which can be easily achieved with one piece of 51. So, despite the fact that the 51 series of single machines have been in existence for more than 10 years, there is still a very wide range of applications。
With these basic intellectual preparations, we'll start with a single machine
